1. cells

• Ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesises polypeptides. The rough endoplasmic reticulum modifies the polypeptides and transports them to the Golgi body. The Golgi body chemically modifies, pack and sort the protein into secretory vesicles. Secretory vesicles migrate to the cell surface membrane and fuse with it, secreting the protein out of the cell.
• Nucleus controls the biochemical reactions in a cell. It contains the genetic material of the cell (DNA)
• Cytoplasm is the site of biochemical reactions in the cell
• Cell surface membrane is a partially permea membrane made of lipids, which control the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) synthesise lipids, steroids and cholesterol. They carry out detoxification of harmful substances.

  
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) modifies polypeptides synthesised by ribosomes and transport it to the Golgi body.

  
• Ribosome attached to RER synthesise proteins for secretion. Ribosomes in cytoplasm synthesise proteins for internal cell use.

  
• Golgi body chemically modifies, packs and sorts synthesised proteins into secretory vesicles for secretion out of the cell.

  
• Mitochondrion (Pl. mitochondria) carry out aerobic respiration where glucose is oxidised to release energy for biochemical reactions within the cell.

  
• Chloroplast contains chlorophyll which converts light energy into chemical energy for the formation of glucose during photosynthesis.

  
• Vacuole stores water and dissolved substances like amino acids and mineral salts.

  
• Cell wall is a cellulose outer layer of the plant cell which protects the cell from mechanical damage.

  
• Animal cells have multiple, small vacuoles while plant cells have a singular large, centralised vacuole.