4th qtr

• An eclipse occurs any time something passes in front of the sun, blocking its light.
• An astronomical event that occurs when one celestial object (Earth or Moon)
• Umbra

  • the dark inner portion of the shadow cone
  • Moon's: total solar eclipses
  • Earth's: total and partial lunar eclipses
• Penumbra

  • the lighter outer portion of the shadow
  • Moon's: partial solar eclipses
  • Earth's: penumbral lunar eclipses
• Antumbra

  • the lighter part of a shadow that forms at a certain distance from the object casting the shadow
  • it is involved in annular solar eclipses and planet transits
• Solar eclipse: When the Moon casts a shadow on the Earth, causing the sun to go dark. This only occurs when there is a new moon.
• Total solar eclipse: occurs if you are at the exact spot within the moon's umbra
• Partial solar eclipse: visible if you are in the penumbra of the shadow. Only some of the moon will be shadowed.
• Annular solar eclipse: occurs when the moon is farthest from the Earth in its orbit. This makes the moon look smaller, during the eclipse you see an outer ring of light from the sun.
• a Lunar eclipse occurs when the sun turns the moon blood red because of Earth's shadow that's cast on the Moon
• Total lunar eclipse: when the moon passes completely into the umbra, or total shadow of the Earth.
• Apogee: the point in the orbit of the moon or a satellite at which it is furthest from the Earth.
• Partial lunar eclipse: occurs when the Moon does not fully move into the umbra
• Penumbral lunar eclipse: the moon passes only through the penumbra, or partial shadow. They are barely visible.
• Lunar eclipses happen more often than solar eclipses
• Everyone who is experiencing night time during a lunar eclipse can see it, while you have to be on the exact spot on earth to see a solar eclipse.
• Syzygy: the times where the Moon, the Earth, and the Sun line up perfectly for an eclipse.