18.1 - Population genetics

• Define a population

  A group of organisms of the same species occupying a particular space at a particular time that can potentially interbreed
• True or False : Species exist as one or more populations

  True
• What’s a gene pool ?

  The total number of alleles in a particular population at a specific time
• What‘s allele frequency ?

  The number of times an allele occurs within the gene pool
• The Hardy-Weinberg principle provides a mathematical model which predicts what ?

  That allele frequencies will not change from generation to generation
• The 5 conditions under which the Hardy-Weinberg principle applies ?

  • No mutations arise
  • The population is isolated so there’s no flow of alleles in or out
  • There’s no selection so all alleles are equally likely to be passed on
  • The population is large
  • Mating within the population is random
• What 3 frequencies can the Hardy-Weinberg equation calculate ?

  Allelic, genotypes, phenotypes
• What’s the Hardy-Weinberg equation ?

  $p^2+$$2pq+$$q^2=$$1$
• What do p and q in the Hardy-Weinberg equation represent ?

  Frequencies of the dominant and recessive alleles of the gene
• What’s the simpler equation that can be written in relation to the dominant and recessive alleles ?

  $p+$$q=$$1$