SCIENCE Q3 NERVOUS, ENDOCRINE, REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS

• This serves as the main processing center for the entire nervous system.


  Central Nervous System
• This is an organ located within the skull that functions as organizer and distributor of information for the body.


  Brain
• Large, upper part of the brain that controls activity and thought.


  Cerebrum
• The part under the cerebrum that controls posture, balance, and coordination.


  Cerebellum
• The part that connects the brain to the spinal cord


  Brain Stem
• This serves as a channel for signals between the brain and the rest of the body, and controls simple musculoskeletal reflexes without input from the brain.


  Spinal Cord
• This connects the central nervous system to the organs and limbs.


  Peripheral Nervous System
• This system is associated with the voluntary control of body movements.


  Somatic Nervous System
• The nerves that carry motor and sensory signals between the spinal cord and the body.


  Spinal Nerves
• The nerve fibers that carry information into and out of the brain stem.


  Cranial Nerves
• This system is associated with the involuntary control of body movements.


  Autonomic Nervous System
• It is activated when the body is in a dynamic role or stress. (e.g., increased heart rate and breathing, dilation of pupil, sweating, etc.)


  Sympathetic
• It maintains body functions and restores the body to normal or relaxed mode.

  Parasympathetic
• The basic unit of the nervous system is the ____ ____. These are called _____.

  nerve cell, neurons
• Is composed of glands that secrete different types of hormones that affect almost every cell, organ, and function of our body.

  Endocrine System
• Endocrine glands secrete chemicals known as ____ into the bloodstream, which carries them throughout the body.

  Hormones
• This gland stimulates growth, and controls the functions of other glands. It is located at the base of the brain.

  Pituitary gland
• It regulates body metabolism and causes storage of calcium in bones. It is located below the voice box.

  Thyroid gland
• Controls the calcium levels in your body, and normalizes bone growth. It is located in the neck.

  Parathyroid gland
• It enables the body to produce certain antibodies. Located in front of the heart.

  Thymus
• Prepares the body for action, controls the heart rate and breathing in times of emergency. It produces Adrenaline and located on top of the kidneys.

  Adrenal
• Regulates blood sugar levels, produces Insulin and Glucagon. Located between the kidneys.

  Pancreas
• Control maturation and male characteristics, releases Androgen and Testosterone. Located at the lower abdomen.

  Testes
• Influence female traits, and support reproductive function. It produces Estrogen and Progesterone

  Ovaries
• If the hormones do not produce the regulated amount of chemicals to your body, it may result in an abnormality in your body. This condition is called ____.

  Hormonal Imbalance
• The system involved in sexual reproduction is called

  The Reproductive System
• Produces sperm cells


  Testis
• Sac of skin that holds the testis

  Scrotum
• Deposits sperms into the vagina during mating

  Penis
• Carries sperm from testes to urethra


  Vas deferens (tube)
• Carries sperm and urine out of the body

  Urethra
• Provide liquid in which sperm can swim

  Glands
• Secretes a fluid that makes up most of the components of the semen

  seminal vesicle
• Secrets a slightly alkaline milky fluid that is discharged as part of the semen

  prostate gland
• Secretes a thick and clear mucus that lubricates and neutralizes that any trace of acidic urine in the urethra

  bulbourethral gland
• Produces egg cells.


  Ovary
• Serves as passageway of eggs from that ovary to the uterus; site of egg fertilization.

  Oviduct
• Serves as site of egg implantation; is where the fertilized egg develops.

  Uterus
• Receives the penis of male during mating.

  Vagina
• Stimulates the ovaries to release estrogen. High levels of estrogen then prevent the further production of this hormone.

  Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)