Biology Test

• Breathing


  Muscular contraction
• Respiration


  Chemical reaction
• Inhalation


  1. Intercostal muscles contract

  2. Diaphragm contracts and flattens

  3. Rib cage moves up and out

  4. Chest volume increases

  5. Chest pressure decreases

  6. Air enters lungs
• Exhalation


  1. Intercostal muscles relax

  2. Diaphragm relaxes and moves up

  3. Rib cage moves down and in

  4. Chest volume decreases

  5. Chest pressure increases

  6. Air leaves lungs
• Food groups


  • Carbohydrates
  • Protein
  • Fats
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
  • Fibre
  • Water
• Food flow


  1. Mouth

  2. Oesophagus

  3. Stomach

  4. Small intestine

  5. Large intestine

  6. Rectum

  7. Anus
• Respiration


  A chemical reaction in cells to produce energy
• Breathing


  A muscular contraction taking in oxygen (O2) and giving out carbon dioxide (CO2)
• Respiration


  Needs two things and produces three
• Respiration equation


  Glucose + Oxygen → energy + water + carbon dioxide
• Respiration and breathing are similar in that they both involve taking in oxygen and breathing out carbon dioxide
• Respiration is a chemical reaction while breathing is a muscular contraction
• Inhalation


  Intercostal muscles contract, diaphragm contracts and flattens, rib cage moves up and out, chest volume increases, chest pressure decreases, air enters lungs
• Exhalation


  Intercostal muscles relax, diaphragm relaxes and moves up, rib cage moves down and in, chest volume decreases, chest pressure increases, air leaves lungs
• Flatworms don't have a trachea, they breathe through their skin
• The first transplant of a larynx took place in 1998
• There are as many as 700 million alveoli in the total surface area of your lungs, with a surface area over 100m²
• Your heart is about the size of your first
• A hiccup is actually an irritation of the diaphragm
• The 7 different food groups

  • Carbohydrates
  • Protein
  • Fats
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
  • Fibre
  • Water
• Carbohydrates


  • Needed for energy
• Fats


  • Needed as an energy store and to keep us warm
• Proteins


  • Needed for growth and repair
• Vitamins


  • Needed in small amounts to keep the body healthy
• Minerals


  • Needed in small amounts to keep the body healthy
• Fibre


  • Adds bulk to food and prevents constipation
• Water


  • Needed to dissolve nutrients in the blood so that it can be transported
• You are actually eating the intercostal muscles when you eat pork ribs
• In 1998, the first transplant of a larynx took place
• The alveoli are used for gas exchange (oxygen coming into the blood, carbon dioxide going out of the blood)
• The "floating" ribs hang unattached to the sternum