Reproduction

• Gene


  Located on a chromosome, it determines what the traits (characteristics) of an organism will be

  
• DNA


  A very long molecule that carries the genetic code for all living organisms

  
• Chromosome


  Holds many genes

  
• Asexual Reproduction


  When one parent makes offspring identical to itself

  
• Sexual Reproduction


  When two parents create offspring which are a new combination of traits

  
• Sex cell


  Cells that contain 1/2 the number of chromosomes needed to make an offspring

  
• Mitosis


  Cell division that creates 2 identical cells.

  
• Meiosis

  A type of cell division that creates egg and sperm cells

  
• Cell

  Basic unit that makes up all living things

  
• Nucleus


  Holds all of the genetic material in a cell

  
• Allele


  Different forms of a gene

  
• Trait

  A characteristic that can be determined by your genes
• Asexual Reproduction


  does not involve gametes

  
• Binary fission

  The cell division that produces identical cells in prokaryotic organisms (bacteria)

  
• Budding

  Asexual reproduction in which a part of the parent organism pinches off and forms a new organism.

  
• Vegetative propagation


  A form of asexual reproduction in which plants produce genetically identical offshoots of themselves, which then develop into independent plants

  
• identical offspring


  Asexually reproducing organisms produce genetic copies of "themselves".
• Mutation

  The process whereby the DNA code of a cell is randomly changed. This is the only source of variation for asexually reproducing organisms.
• Regeneration


  The ability to grow from limbs or organs. Asexual. Starfish.

  
• Gamete


  A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg in a female or sperm in a male. These cells unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid cell called a zygote.

  
• Haploid cell


  A sex cell (sperm or egg) that has only one copy of each chromosome. In humans, 23 chromosomes instead of 46.

  
• Fertilization


  The process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells (gametes) join to form a new cell.

  
• Diploid cell


  A cell containing a complete set of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent. In humans, all cells except the sex cells contain 46 chromosomes, a complete set.

  
• Clones


  Genetically identical cells or individuals.

  
• Fallopian tubes


  tubes which carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus and which provides the place where fertilization occurs

  
• ovaries


  Glands that produce the egg cells and hormones

  
• estrogen

  A hormone produced by the ovaries that controls the development of eggs and adult female characteristics.

  
• progesterone


  A hormone produced by the ovaries which prepares the uterus for pregnancy

  
• testosterone

  Hormone produced by the testes. makes sperm

  
• The Menstrual Cycle

  In the human female a mature egg develops and is released from 1 of the ovaries approximately every 28 days.

  
• Menstruation


  Last phase of the menstrual cycle in which the lining of the uterus along with blood and the unfertilized ovum are discharged through the vagina.

  
• Ovulation


  The process of releasing a mature ovum (egg) into the fallopian tube each month

  
• uterus


  an organ in the pelvic cavity of the female, in which the embryo is nourished and develops before birth

  
• vagina


  The female reproductive organ that connects the outside of the body to the uterus.

  
• placenta


  An organ that develops within the uterus to provide oxygen and nutrients to the embryo from the mother through diffusion and remove waste

  
• testes

  Organ that produces sperm

  
• penis


  A tube-shaped organ that extends from the trunk of the body just above the testes

  
• vas deferns


  transfers sperm from the testes to the urethra
• differentiation

  Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function

  
• sister chromatid


  Identical copies of a chromosome; full sets of these are created during the S subphase of interphase.