Strong acids and weak acids

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Created by
Bex

Cards (9)

  • Acids produce protons in water
    Acids ionise in aqueous solutions. they produce hydrogen ions, H+
    eg: HCI = H+ + Cl+
  • Strong acids (e.g. Sulfuric, hydrochloric and nitric acids) ionise completely in water. All acid particles dissociate to release H+ ions
  • weak acids (e.g. ethanoic, Citric and carbonic acids) do not fully ionise in solutions. Only a small proportion of acid particles dissociate to release H+ ions
  • The ionisation of a weak acid is a reversible reaction, which sets up an equilibrium between the undissociated and dissociated acid. Since only a few of the acid particles release H+ ions, the position of the equilibrium lies well to the left
  • the pH of an acid or alkali is a measure of the concentration of H+ ions in the solution
  • For every decrease of I on the pH scale, the concentration of H+ ions increases by a factor of 10. So, an acid that has a pH of 4 has 10 times the concentration of H+ ions of an acid that has a pH of 5
  • Metal oxides and metal hydroxides are bases
    1. some metal oxides and metal hydroxides dissolve in water. These soluble compounds are alkalis
    2. Even bases that won't dissolve in water will Still take part in neutralisation reactions with acids
    3. So, All metal oxides and metal hydroxides react with acids to form a salt and water
  • Acids and Metal carbonates produce carbon dioxide
    Metal carbonates are also bases. They react with acids to produce a salt, water and carbon dioxide
  • You can make Soluble salts using an insoluble base:
    1. Pick the right acid and insoluble base, such as an insoluble metal Oxide, hydroxide or carbonate. E.g. if you want to make copper Chloride, you could mix hydrochloric acid and copper oxide
    2. Gently warm the dilute acid using a bunsen burner.
    3. Add the insoluble base to the acid a bit at a time, until no more reacts. you'll know when the acid has been neutralised because the excess solid will sink to the bottom of the flask
    4. Filter out the excess solid
    5. To get pure Crystals of the salt, perform crystalization