Respiration

• Respiration

  A process that supplies the energy needed by living organisms
• Respiration is an exothermic reaction because it releases energy and it takes place continually in all living cells
• Aerobic respiration

  • The sugar glucose is reacted with oxygen gas, producing carbon dioxide and water, and releasing ATP
• Anaerobic respiration

  • Glucose is converted to lactic acid, without the presence of oxygen
• Anaerobic respiration releases much less energy than aerobic respiration because the oxidation of glucose is incomplete
• Anaerobic respiration in plant cells and yeast cells

  Glucose is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide, without the presence of oxygen
• Fermentation

  Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells, used to make alcoholic drinks and bread
• Cellular respiration is an exothermic reaction which transfers energy from glucose and is continuously occurring in living cells
• Cellular respiration

  Breaking apart glucose molecules to release the energy that's trapped inside
• How organisms use their energy

  • Building up larger molecules from smaller ones (e.g. combining amino acids to form proteins)
  • Muscular contraction for movement
  • Maintaining body temperature
• Energy is needed for loads of reactions in our cells, most of which are catalyzed by enzymes
• Metabolism

  All the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life
• Aerobic respiration

  • More common type, takes place whenever there's enough oxygen, most efficient way to transfer energy from glucose, takes place continuously in both plants and animals, occurs within mitochondria
• Aerobic respiration

  Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water
• The equation for aerobic respiration is the opposite of the equation for photosynthesis
• Anaerobic respiration

  • Respiration without oxygen, used when there is not enough oxygen to keep up with the demands of aerobic respiration, incomplete breakdown of glucose, leads to lactic acid buildup
• Anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast

  • Glucose is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide instead of lactic acid, used in industry to make bread, beer, and wine
• Fermentation is the process of anaerobic respiration in yeast