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a-levels
criminology
ac2.1 forms of social control
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Cards (22)
internal forms
regulating yourself
-Rational
Ideology.
-
Tradition.
- Internalisation of social
rules
and
morality.
formal
social control
carried out by
authorised
organisations
e.g
police
,
courts
, employers
informal social control
carried out by society
no official
laws
in place
enforce norms and values
e.g teachers, school-hidden curriculum, media, peers
rational ideology
set of
beliefs
that guide our
decision
making
your
conscience
, feelings of
guilt anxiety
guide you
Clark and Cornish
rational
choice theory
criminal commit acts on purpose for their own
benefit
tradition
your own customs/
norms
that ensure you
conform
to society
e.g religion-
10 commandments
,
culture
internalisation of
social rules
and
morality
working out what is the right and wrong thing to do based upon
social values
e.g waiting in a
queue
external
forms of social control
external
pressure that make us
conform
coercion
, fear of
punishment
coercion
use of
force
to get someone to
obey
e.g physical restraint, powers of
arrest
and search,
plea bargaining
fear of punishment
fear that one will get in trouble if they do something
acts as a
deterrence
individual deterrence
aimed at preventing
future crimes
by a particular
offender.
e.g suspended
sentence
,
community
sentence
general deterrence
preventing
crime
among the
general population
e.g three strikes and your out
control theory
theory that tries to explain why people do not commit
crimes
walker reckless
argued one version of the control theory, containment
argued we can resist committing crimes due to inner and outer containment
inner containment
containment the comes from our
upbringing
e.g family
outer containment
containment that comes from
influence
of
social groups
hirschi
argued that people must form
social bonds
to prevent
criminal behaviour
4 bonds:
attachment
,
commitment
, involvement, beliefs
attachment
Hirschi
social bonds
to avoid crime, person needs
positive
attachment e.g friends, family
commitment
hirschi social bonds
if person has ambition to achieve future goals then
less
likely to commit crimes
sugarman-
future time orientation
involvement
hirschi social bonds
people involved in social activities/ more involved in
community
less likely to commit
crime
beliefs
hirschis social bond
people who
believe
in society values e.g honesty, loyalty, understanding crime is
wrong
social control
refers to techniques and
strategies
for preventing
criminal behaviour
in society.