ac2.1 forms of social control

• internal forms


  regulating yourself

  -Rational Ideology.

  - Tradition.

  - Internalisation of social rules and morality.
• formal social control


  carried out by authorised organisations

  e.g police, courts, employers
• informal social control


  carried out by society

  no official laws in place

  enforce norms and values

  e.g teachers, school-hidden curriculum, media, peers
• rational ideology


  set of beliefs that guide our decision making

  your conscience, feelings of guilt anxiety guide you
• Clark and Cornish


  rational choice theory

  criminal commit acts on purpose for their own benefit
• tradition


  your own customs/norms that ensure you conform to society

  e.g religion- 10 commandments, culture
• internalisation of social rules and morality


  working out what is the right and wrong thing to do based upon social values

  e.g waiting in a queue
• external forms of social control


  external pressure that make us conform

  coercion, fear of punishment
• coercion


  use of force to get someone to obey

  e.g physical restraint, powers of arrest and search, plea bargaining
• fear of punishment


  fear that one will get in trouble if they do something

  acts as a deterrence
• individual deterrence


  aimed at preventing future crimes by a particular offender.

  e.g suspended sentence, community sentence
• general deterrence


  preventing crime among the general population

  e.g three strikes and your out
• control theory


  theory that tries to explain why people do not commit crimes
• walker reckless


  argued one version of the control theory, containment

  argued we can resist committing crimes due to inner and outer containment
• inner containment


  containment the comes from our upbringing e.g family
• outer containment


  containment that comes from influence of social groups
• hirschi


  argued that people must form social bonds to prevent criminal behaviour

  4 bonds: attachment, commitment, involvement, beliefs
• attachment


  Hirschi social bonds

  to avoid crime, person needs positive attachment e.g friends, family
• commitment


  hirschi social bonds

  if person has ambition to achieve future goals then less likely to commit crimes

  sugarman- future time orientation
• involvement


  hirschi social bonds

  people involved in social activities/ more involved in community less likely to commit crime
• beliefs


  hirschis social bond

  people who believe in society values e.g honesty, loyalty, understanding crime is wrong
• social control

  • refers to techniques and strategies for preventing criminal behaviour in society.