Factors Behind Spatial Variances

• Historical legacies: Previous empires, colonial histories, and ancient trade have significantly influenced today's global landscape. For instance, colonial legacies still impact trade patterns and diplomatic relations among nations.
• Geographical advantages: Ports like Rotterdam and Singapore, rich in natural resources areas like the Middle East, and transport hubs like Istanbul's position between Europe and Asia, naturally evolve into powerful places due to their strategic importance.
• Economic policies: Places that promote entrepreneurship, innovation, and open trade often find themselves rising in power. Silicon Valley, driven by innovation-friendly policies, has become the world's tech hub.