M5P2

• The organization of healthcare in the Philippines is mandated by the 1987 Constitution, which recognizes health as a fundamental human right
• Healthcare system in the Philippines

  • Operates through a dual delivery system comprising the public and private sectors
  • Public sector is funded primarily through taxes, overseen by the Department of Health (DOH) and includes government facilities at national, local, and municipal levels
  • Private sector comprises for-profit and nonprofit providers, operates on a market-oriented basis with services usually paid for through user fees
  • Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth) administers social health insurance to provide financial risk protection
• Healthcare infrastructure in the Philippines

  • Hospitals
  • Health centers
  • Village health stations
• Healthcare human resources in the Philippines

  • Includes nurses, doctors, midwives, and medical technologists
  • Employed by both public and private sectors, with differences in distribution and engagement
• Factors affecting the healthcare system in the Philippines

  • Health financing
  • Governance
  • Regulation
  • System performance
• Health Financing

  • Total health expenditure has risen steadily since 2005, with significant contributions from both public and private sectors
  • Government health expenditure has increased, but private sector funding has grown rapidly
  • PhilHealth, the social health insurance, covers a large portion of the population but faces challenges in providing adequate financial protection
  • Out-of-pocket payments remain high, despite reforms in provider payment systems
  • The introduction of case rates and diagnosis-related group system aims to improve efficiency and financial protection
• Health Governance and Regulation

  • The Department of Health (DOH) provides national policy direction, while local government units (LGUs) manage and implement local health programs
  • Key health reforms, such as Universal Health Care (UHC), are implemented through national policies and legislation
  • The DOH regulates health facilities and products, while the Insurance Commission oversees private insurance companies
  • The health system's governance reforms aim to expand services and improve sustainability, with efforts focused on financing and service delivery
• Health System Performance

  • Despite improvements in health coverage and facility upgrades, access remains inequitable due to the maldistribution of resources
  • Patient satisfaction and user experience may improve, but balance billing and inadequate coverage persist
  • Institutional capacity challenges hinder effective program implementation, monitoring, and evaluation
  • Legislative reforms, such as the Sin Tax Law and National Health Insurance Act, have raised resources for health and improved specific facilities and programs
  • Local government leaders and hospital managers drive governance reforms to expand services and enhance sustainability, yet challenges in implementation and leadership remain
  • Effective disaster response and communication strategies are essential for mitigating the impact of disasters on health outcomes
• Overall, addressing these factors requires coordinated efforts across government agencies, healthcare providers, and stakeholders to improve health system performance and ensure equitable access to healthcare services
• Factors affecting the healthcare system in the Philippines encompass health financing, governance and regulation, and system performance.
• Health Financing:

  • Total health expenditure has risen steadily since 2005, with significant contributions from both public and private sectors.

  Government health expenditure has increased, but private sector funding has grown rapidly.
• Health Financing

  • PhilHealth, the social health insurance, covers a large portion of the population but faces challenges in providing adequate financial protection.
  • Out-of-pocket payments remain high, despite reforms in provider payment systems.
  • The introduction of case rates and diagnosis-related group system aims to improve efficiency and financial protection.
• Health Governance and Regulation:

  • The Department of Health (DOH) provides national policy direction, while local government units (LGUs) manage and implement local health programs.
  • Key health reforms, such as Universal Health Care (UHC), are implemented through national policies and legislation.
• Health Governance and Regulation:

  • The DOH regulates health facilities and products, while the Insurance Commission oversees private insurance companies.
  • The health system’s governance reforms aim to expand services and improve sustainability, with efforts focused on financing and service delivery.
• Health System Performance:

  • Despite improvements in health coverage and facility upgrades, access remains inequitable due to the maldistribution of resources.
  • Patient satisfaction and user experience may improve, but balance billing and inadequate coverage persist.
• Health System Performance:

  • Institutional capacity challenges hinder effective program implementation, monitoring, and evaluation.
  • Legislative reforms, such as the Sin Tax Law and National Health Insurance Act, have raised resources for health and improved specific facilities and programs.
• Health System Performance:

  • Local government leaders and hospital managers drive governance reforms to expand services and enhance sustainability, yet challenges in implementation and leadership remain.
  • Effective disaster response and communication strategies are essential for mitigating the impact of disasters on health outcomes.