unit 13

• social psychologists: focus on how we think about, influence & relate to one another
• attribution theory: people attempt to attribute another person by crediting situation / disposition
• fundamental attribution error: tendency to underestimate situation & overestimate disposition
• self-serving bias: habit of taking credit for positive results & blaming others for negative results
• attitudes: feelings that are influenced by beliefs & predispose reactions
• peripheral route persuasion: people respond to incidental cues & make snap judgement
• central route persuasion: offers evidence & arguments to convince people
• foot-in-the-door phenomenon: people who agree with small requests find it easier to comply with larger ones later
• role: function someone assumes in a given situation
• zimbardo's stanford prison experiment: volunteers assigned prisoner or guard role, but became too involved in roles & experiment was stopped
• festinger's cognitive dissonance theory: adjusting attitudes according to actions so there's no contradiction
• chameleon effect: copying other's behavior unconsciously to match social social situation
• conformity: adjusting behavior / thinking to match group standard
• asch's conformity experiments: person who answered questions after everyone else answered the same as others, even if wrong
• normative social influence: conforming to social norms to avoid rejection / gain approval
• informative social influence: accepting opinions that others hold about reality
• milgrim's obedience experiments: people receive increasing shock with incorrect answers and were less likely to think about what they were doing with no responsibiltiy
• social facilitation: strengthened performance in the presence of others
• social loafing: people exert less effort on task if in a group
• deindividuation: losing self-awareness and self-restraint usually in group participation
• group polarization: beliefs are fortified by discussing strongly-held beliefs with those who share them
• groupthink: group makes decisions in a way that discourages creativity & individuality
• minority influence: idea that minority individuals could sway the majority
• culture: behaviors / ideas / traditions / attitudes that are held and passed down in a group
• norms: rules for accepted / expected behaviors
• prejudice: negative attitude towards people of a certain group
• stereotypes: believing people of a same group behave a same way
• ethnocentrism: assuming one's own ethnic group is superior
• discrimination: behaving negatively towards people of groups outside yours
• just-world phenomenon: idea that good is rewarded and evil is punished
• ingroup: people in one's own group
• outgroup: people not in own group
• ingroup bias: favoring people from own group
• scapegoat theory: when things go wrong, people look for someone to blame
• other-race effect: ability to easily recognize people of own race
• hindsight bias: looking back at something after knowing outcome and thinking outcome was obvious
• aggression: behaving a certain way with the intention of hurting others
• frustration-aggression principle: miserable people often make others feel miserable too
• social scripts: "script" provided by society telling you how to act
• mere exposure effect: repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking