factors impacting prejudice.

• research support for the big 5.

  cohrs et al - positive correlation with neuroticism and prejudice. negative correlation with openness/agreeableness and prejudice.
• research support for personality trait.

  adorno et al - found relationship between authoritarian personality and prejudice. says this occurs due to childhood - harsh parenting to keep obedience or observing hatred by parents to those of a weaker class.
• research support of measuring personality as a factor.

  adorno et al + others used act of global conflicts to measure, using questionnaires, interviews and even an F scale - criticised with orpen.
• research support for different cultures impacting prejudice.

  guimond et al - found negative correlation between multiculturalism and prejudice - low multiculturalism caused high prejudice.
• research support for a culture sharing same factors for prejudice.

  pettigrew et al - looked at cultures in uk, Netherlands, France and west Germany and found the same factors were found across all as being causes of prejudice.
• research into situation itself as a main factor.

  guimond et al - situational factors include personality, gender etc. but guimond said that personality is not a main factor as prejudice was inconsistent during ww2, meaning personality is not and situation is.
• research theory and study that argues situation is.

  social identity theory - in-group categorisation and out-group discrimination occurs purely by 2 groups existing - prejudice is inevitable (tajfel + turner). this could explain culture - Chinese people may be prejudice or favour Chinese race then Japanese.
• research support arguing importance of two.

  Richard et al - argues both personality and the situation are equally as important for one another.
• a differing theory that suggests situation is + further research supporting.

  realistic conflict theory - competition over resources causes conflict to occur and prejudice to those that may get them (robber's cave and sherif et al). esses + her colleagues suggest this is called resource stress.
• research support that physically evidences situation.

  akrami et al - found through purely manipulating a situation to control group and experimental group that they could become prejudiced. tested using readings on social threats or social norms/stereotypes.
• research support involving personality and culture.

  orpen - found that F scores did not correlate when used on a sample of South Africans - validity and culture issues?