c5

• CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTIONS

  Solutions may be classified on the

  basis of the amount of solvent and solute present
• CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTION

  Is the amount of solute present in a given quantity of solution
• Ways of expressing concentration:

  ❑ percent by mass

  ❑ percent by volume

  ❑ molarity

  ❑ molality

  ❑ mole fraction
• Percent by Mass

  %(m/m)

  ➢ refers to the mass of solute dissolved in

  100 g solution

  ➢ mass of solution is obtained by adding the

  mass of solute and the mass of solvent

  mass of solution = mass of solute + mass of solvent
• Percent by Volume

  %(v/v)

  ➢ refers to the number of milliliters (mL) of

  solute dissolved in 100 mL solution

  ➢ proof number – equal to twice the

  percent by volume of ethyl alcohol in the

  beverage.
• Percent by Mass/Volume

  (%m/v)

  ❑ refers to the mass of solute dissolved in

  milliliters solution

  ❑ it is calculated by dividing the grams of solute

  by the milliliters of solution and multiplying by

  100.