attachment

Subdecks (2)

Cards (26)

  • behaviours which indicate attachment (macoby)
    • proximity seeking
    • general orientation
    • distress on separation
    • joy on reunion
    • sensitivity of caregiver to the needs of infant
  • attachment
    strong, emotional bond between a person and someone who cares for them
  • caregiver infant interactions
    reciprocity and interactional synchrony
  • reciprocity
    mutual, turn taking, both contribute by responding to each others signals and cues
  • interactional synchrony
    simultaneous interaction between infant and caregiver, matching, co-ordinated behaviours
  • caregiver sensitivity
    caregiver is particularly attuned to the needs of the infant and responds swiftly to these
  • A03 of CGII
    Meltzoff and moore found that infant responses matched experimenters facial expression
  • a03 of CGII
    inferences - infants cannot communicate thoughts, these inferences can be mistaken and may not be an intentional movement, not truely scientific
  • schaffer’s stages
    1. asocial
    2. discriminate
    3. specific
    4. multiple
  • asocial stage

    0-6 weeks, anyone can comfort, innate behaviours to humans and innate objects
  • indiscriminate stage
    6 weeks - 7 months, develop the ability to differentiate humans and objects, do not show separation anxiety or stranger anxiety
  • specific stage
    7 - 9 months, strong bond to primary caregiver, stranger and separation anxiety develop
  • multiple stage
    9/10 months and above, forms attachments with other caregivers and stranger anxiety decreases
  • glasgow babies study: schaffer and emerson
    DID: longitudinal study, monthly observations then 18 month follow up, assessed stranger and separation anxiety
    FOUND: separation anxiety occurred in most babies by 25-32 weeks, in 18th month follow up 87% developed multiple attachments — strongest with mother
  • glasgow babies study AO3
    • not generalisable - working class mothers in 1960s glasgow - not representative and lacks temporal validity
    • high mundane realism - observed in own homes - findings valid
    • longitudinal design - no participant variables
    • difficult to make judgements of infant’s emotions
  • lorenz
    clutch of geese randomly assigned to two groups: one with biological mother and one in incubator with Lorenz
    critical period of 32 hrs
    one with mother followed her one with lorenz imprinted on him
    attachment based on vision
  • harlow
    test of cupboard love theory
    used rhesus monkeys
    took monkeys away from mother and put them into cage with two surrogate mothers: one wire who gave milk and one cloth mother
    found that when scared ran to cloth mother
    had long term problems for monkeys - maternally deprived
    innate need for physical contact
  • ao3 for animal studies in attachment
    • cannot generalise to humans - more complex behaviour
    • practical applications: social works can understand the need for bonding, and a loss of this is a risk factor in development
    • practical app: immediate physical contact after birth
    • unethical: experienced suffering, killed offspring, harmed psychologys reputation
    • cost-benefit analysis: added to research in attachment and had real world application