Pozzulo et al (2011)

• The study delves into two key aspects of psychology – eyewitness identification and the influence of social versus cognitive factors on decision-making, especially in young children
• Eyewitness Identification


  • It is a critical area in forensic psychology, particularly regarding the reliability and accuracy of eyewitness testimony in legal contexts
  • Eyewitness identification typically involves recognizing a suspect from a lineup
  • This process can be complex, as it depends on various factors like memory, perception, and psychological stress
• Cognitive Factors


  The mental processes involved in memory and recognition, such as a person's ability to accurately recall and recognize faces or details from a memory of the event
• Social Factors


  The influence of social context and pressures on decision-making, such as a child feeling compelled to choose even when uncertain due to perceived expectations from authority figures or a desire to be helpful
• Pozzulo's study is grounded in developmental psychology and cognitive psychology, addressing the developmental aspects of memory and cognition in children and exploring how these factors influence their ability to accurately recall and identify individuals in lineups
• The study also delves into the specifics of eyewitness identification procedures, such as the differences in children's responses to target-present (where the perpetrator is in the lineup) versus target-absent (where the perpetrator is not present) lineups
• The study delves into two key aspects of psychology – eyewitness identification and the influence of social versus cognitive factors on decision-making, especially in young children
• Eyewitness Identification


  • It is a critical area in forensic psychology, particularly regarding the reliability and accuracy of eyewitness testimony in legal contexts
  • Eyewitness identification typically involves recognizing a suspect from a lineup
  • This process can be complex, as it depends on various factors like memory, perception, and psychological stress
• Cognitive Factors


  The mental processes involved in memory and recognition, such as a person's ability to accurately recall and recognize faces or details from a memory of the event
• Social Factors


  The influence of social context and pressures on decision-making, such as a child feeling compelled to choose even when uncertain due to perceived expectations from authority figures or a desire to be helpful
• Pozzulo's study is grounded in developmental psychology and cognitive psychology, addressing the developmental aspects of memory and cognition in children and exploring how these factors influence their ability to accurately recall and identify individuals in lineups
• The study also delves into the specifics of eyewitness identification procedures, such as the differences in children's responses to target-present (where the perpetrator is in the lineup) versus target-absent (where the perpetrator is not present) lineups
• The cognitive model suggests that people who experience anxiety disorders have distorted or irrational beliefs about themselves and their environment
• Cognitive behavioural therapy is based on the idea that our thoughts, feelings and behaviours are interconnected
• These beliefs are often based on negative experiences or traumatic events, leading to feelings of fear, helplessness, and vulnerability.
• CBT aims to change negative thinking patterns by identifying them and replacing them with more positive ones
• CBT aims to change negative thought patterns by identifying them and replacing them with more positive ones
• CBT can involve techniques like exposure therapy, where patients confront feared situations gradually to reduce anxiety levels
• Eyewitness Testimony


  Individuals or groups recalling information about a criminal incident they observed, including details about people involved, incident occurrences, and crime scene specifics
• Eyewitness Testimony


  • Interview methods: Open and closed questions, questionnaires
  • Legal significance: Eyewitness information is often used in courts to aid in the prosecution process
  • Psychological debate: Validity and reliability
• False Positive Responses


  Occur when an eyewitness selects something (e.g., a person in a line-up) that is not accurate, but the person believes it is