Inside a vaccine are the pathogens that we want to be immune to, but they've been weakened, so they can't cause disease, but our body still responds by developing immunity.
Vaccines can work against bacteria and viruses.
Vaccines protect us from diseases, control common diseases from being spread and prevent big outbreaks (epidemics) which saves lives.
Vaccines have large effects due herd immunity, as loads of people can't get ill because they are immune to the disease.
Vaccines don't always work
Some people have bad reactions to vaccines (rarely causing fevers and seizures)