Clinical Psychology and Mental Health

• What is the definition of statistical infrequency in abnormality?

  Behaviors that are rare or statistically unusual
• How does deviation from social/cultural norms define abnormality?

  It assesses behaviors against accepted societal standards
• What might indicate failure to function adequately?

  Inability to maintain hygiene or relationships
• What criteria did Marie Jahoda propose for ideal mental health?

  Accurate perception of reality and self-actualisation
• What are the key characteristics of phobias?

  • Behavioral: Avoidance, panic, freezing
  • Emotional: High anxiety and fear
  • Cognitive: Irrational beliefs, selective attention
• What are the key characteristics of depression?

  • Behavioral: Reduced activity, sleep and eating disruption
  • Emotional: Low mood, sadness, low self-esteem
  • Cognitive: Poor concentration, negative thoughts, suicidal thoughts
• What are the key characteristics of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

  • Behavioral: Compulsions, avoidance of triggers
  • Emotional: Anxiety, distress, guilt
  • Cognitive: Obsessions, catastrophic thinking
• What does the Two-Process Model by Mowrer explain about phobias?

  Phobias are acquired through classical conditioning
• What is the aim of systematic desensitisation in treating phobias?

  To gradually counter-condition the phobia
• How does flooding work as a treatment for phobias?

  It involves intense exposure until anxiety subsides
• What does Beck's Negative Triad propose about depression?

  Depression results from negative thoughts about self, world, future
• What is Ellis's ABC Model in relation to depression?

  It links irrational beliefs to emotional consequences
• What is the goal of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT)?

  To challenge irrational thoughts and change thinking patterns
• What do genetic explanations suggest about OCD?

  OCD is inherited and influenced by specific genes
• What do neural explanations focus on in OCD?

  Abnormal brain structures and neurochemical imbalances
• What is the primary treatment for OCD in the biological approach?

  Drug therapy using SSRIs like Prozac
• How do different theoretical perspectives contribute to understanding psychological disorders?

  • Behavioral: Focus on learned behaviors and conditioning
  • Cognitive: Emphasizes thought patterns and beliefs
  • Biological: Considers genetic and neurochemical factors