Prelim-Midterm

• Literature explores feelings and teaches various lessons in different ways.
• 10 Importance of Literature:

  1. It helps us learn and understand more.
  2. It lets us connect with people everywhere.
  3. It helps us understand different feelings and people.
  4. It teaches us to care about all living things.
  5. It helps us know right from wrong.
  6. It makes our imaginations stronger.
  7. It shows that life can be tricky and interesting.
  8. It lets us see things in different ways.
  9. It tells stories from long ago.
  10. It reminds us that we're all people.
• 7 Literary Standards by William J Long:

  1. Universality
  2. Artistry
  3. Intellectual Value
  4. Suggestiveness
  5. Spiritual Value
  6. Permanence
  7. Style
• Universality: It speaks to everyone, no matter where they're from or who they are, with stories and ideas that feel familiar.
• Artistry: It's like a beautiful painting or a well-crafted song, created with skill and beauty.
• Intellectual Value: It makes you think hard and ask questions, like a puzzle that you enjoy solving.
• Suggestiveness: It shows us deep feelings and thoughts, making us understand ourselves better.
• Spiritual Value: It makes our hearts feel warm and our spirits feel lifted, like a comforting hug for our souls.
• Permanence: It lasts a long time, staying important even as years go by, sometimes becoming a classic that people always love
• Style: It tells stories and shares ideas in a unique and interesting way, like a special flavor that makes it stand out.
• 3 Levels of Diction:

  1. Formal
  2. Neutral / Informal
  3. Low / Colloquial
• 2 Types of Neutral/Informal Diction:

  1. Standard
  2. Normal
• Formal: highly educated (ex. “peruse”, sermons, thesis.)
• Standard: well-educated (ex. “examine”, college letters, business.)
• Normal: familiar (ex. “look over”, newspaper, assignments, technical specific in fields of area)
• Low / Colloquial: specific (ex. “chekidawt”, conversational, personal, email, slang, flavor, vulgar, cliche)
• 12 Types of Diction:

  1. Slang
  2. Vulgarity
  3. Colloquial
  4. Jargon
  5. Dialect
  6. Cliche
  7. Concrete Diction
  8. Abstract Diction
  9. General
  10. Specific
  11. Denotation
  12. Connotation
• Slang: New and informal words like "emo" or "bromance" used for fun or to be cool.
• Vulgarity: Rude or offensive language, like swear words
• Colloquial: Informal words or phrases used in everyday conversation, like "gotcha" or "gramps."
• Jargon: Special words used in specific jobs or hobbies, like "gigabyte" for computers.
• Dialect: Different versions of a language used in specific regions, like Philippine English.
• Cliché: Phrases used so much they've lost their originality, like "time is gold."
• Concrete diction: Words describing physical things, like "spoon" or "table."
• Abstract diction: Words describing ideas or feelings, like "love" or "freedom."
• General: Words referring to groups, like "furniture" or "people."
• Specific: Words referring to individual things, like "rocking chair" or "Filipinos."
• Denotation: The literal meaning of a word, like "snake" meaning reptile
• Connotation: The feelings or associations attached to a word, like "snake" meaning evil.
• 5 Common Figures of Speech:

  1. Simile
  2. Metaphor
  3. Personification
  4. Hyperbole
  5. Onomatopoeia
• Simile: Comparing things using "like" or "as," such as "as fast as a cheetah."
• Metaphor: Saying something is something else, like "time is money."
• Personification: Giving human traits to things that aren't human, like "the sun smiled down on us."
• Hyperbole: Saying something in an exaggerated way, like "I'm so hungry I could eat a horse."
• Onomatopoeia: Words that sound like what they describe, like "boom" or "meow."
• Narrative Voice: It is how the story is told.
• 5 Narrative Voice:

  1. Stream-of-Consciousness Voice
  2. Character Voice
  3. Unreliable Voice
  4. Epistolary Voice
  5. Third Person
• Stream-of-Consciousness Voice: Thoughts straight from the character's brain, all jumbled up
• Character Voice: Narrator talks like they're the character, showing their perspective.
• Unreliable Voice: Narrator might be lying or not know everything.