organic chem revision

• hydrocarbons contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms
• carbon almost always forms 4 covalent bonds
• alkanes contain only single bonds between carbon atoms
• alkane formula: CnH2n + 2
• structural isomers: compounds that have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula
• properties of alkanes: low melting/boiling points and typically insoluable in water
• substitution reactions require UV light
• combustion: hydrocarbons react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water
• alicylic alkanes: carbon atoms with single bonds are joined in a ring (cycloalkanes)
• geometric isomers: for alkenes only, geometric isomers have the same molecular formula but the groups attached to the carbon atoms involved in the double bond are in different positions in space
• properties of alkenes: low melting/boiling point, typically inslouable in water
• alkenes can undergo addition, substitution and combustion
• alkanes can undergo sustitution and combustion
• alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons
• alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons
• benzene: 6 caron atoms joined in a ring
• benzene can undergo substitution reactions
• alkyl hallides: contain carbon, hydrogen and halogen atoms (the functional group is the halogen atom)
• alkyl hallides are more reactive than alkanes
• aliphatic = alkenes and alkanes