Bio

• The nucleoid region is found in prokaryotes and contains DNA
• The nucleolus makes ribosomes
• Peroxisomes break down material
• The rough ER makes proteins from mRNA
• The smooth ER is involved in detox and also in lipid formation
• The Golgi Apparatus modifies and distributes proteins Eukaryotes only
• In the Vesicular Transport Model, the cis-, medial-, and trans-Golgi cisternae are static structures The contents are physically shuttled from each cisterna to the next
• In the Cisternal Maturation Model, cisternae evolve and mature The cis-Golgi matures and becomes the medial-Golgi, then eventually, the trans-Golgi Vesicles move in retrograde motion
• Lysosomes are the demolition and recycling center Made by Golgi
• Centrioles contain 9 groups of microtubules and they pull chromosomes apart
• A/an plasmid is a small prokaryotic DNA molecule separate from chromosomal DNA Often, the genes carried in plasmids provide bacteria with genetic advantages, such as antibiotic resistance
• Microfilaments make up part of the cell's cytoskeleton Polymers of actin
• Microtubules help the cell resist compression forces Made of tubulin proteins
• This is an example of simple squamous epithelial tissue
• This is an example of simple cuboidal epithelial tissue
• This is an example of simple columnar epithelial tissue
• This is an example of pseudostratified columnar epithelial tissue
• This is an example of stratified squamous epithelial tissue
• This is an example of stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue
• This is an example of stratified columnar epithelial tissue
• This is an example of transitional epithelial tissue
• Bone, cartilage, tendon, and blood are examples of connective tissue
• Epithelial tissue covers internal and external surfaces of the body
• This is an example of bacilli (rod) bacteria
• This is an example of cocci (sphere) bacteria
• This is an example of spirilla (spiral) bacteria
• Obligate aerobes require O2
• Obligate anaerobes die in O2
• Facultative anaerobes toggle between aerobic and anaerobic
• Aerotolerant anaerobes do not use O2 but tolerate it
• Gram + is purple and has a thick wall Wall is made of peptidoglycan/lipoteichoic acid
• Gram - is pink / red and has a thin wall Wall is made of peptidoglycan
• Transformation is when bacteria gets genetic info from the environment Griffith experiment with mice (R strain safe, S strain deadly)
• Conjugation is the transfer genetic info via a/an conjugation bridge
• Transduction is the transfer genetic material using a bacteriophage
• Transposons are DNA sequences that can change their position within a genome This sometimes creates or reverses mutations
• In eukaryotes, the electron transport chain takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane
• In prokaryotes, the electron transport chain takes place in the cell membrane
• Eukaryotic cells reproduce via mitosis
• Prokaryotic cells reproduce via binary fission