Biochem

• A positive sense RNA strand is itself an mRNA and can be transcribed directly into DNA
• This amino acid is Glycine Gly, G Hydrophobic The only amino acid that is not chiral
• This amino acid is Alanine Ala, A Hydrophobic
• This amino acid is Valine Val, V Hydrophobic
• This amino acid is Leucine Leu, L Hydrophobic
• This amino acid is Isoleucine Ile, I Hydrophobic
• This amino acid is Methionine Met, M Hydrophobic Contains a thioether group
• This amino acid is Proline "Pro, P Hydrophobic Typically found in β-pleated sheets at the turns ""Kinky"" Khan Academy Link"
• This amino acid is Phenylalanine Phe, F Hydrophobic Aromatic, can absorb UV light
• This amino acid is Tryptophan Trp, W Hydrophobic Aromatic Contains the indole group Emits fluorescent light
• This amino acid is Serine Ser, S Polar Neutral
• This amino acid is Threonine Thr, T Polar Neutral
• This amino acid is Tyrosine Tyr, Y Polar Neutral Aromatic Tyrosine is the precursor to catecholamines
• This amino acid is Cysteine Cys, C Polar Neutral
• This amino acid is Asparagine Asn, N Polar Neutral
• This amino acid is Glutamine Gln, Q Polar Neutral
• This amino acid is Lysine Lys, K Positively Charged Hydrophilic Basic
• This amino acid is Arginine Arg, R Positively Charged Hydrophilic Basic Contains the guanidinium group
• This amino acid is Histidine His, H Positively Charged Hydrophilic Basic Contains the imidazole group
• This amino acid is Aspartate Asp, D Negatively Charged Acidic Related to Asparagine
• This amino acid is Glutamate Glu, E Negatively Charged Acidic
• This is the indole group Found in Tryptophan
• This is the imidazole group Found in Histidine
• This is the guanidinium group Found in Arginine
• Amino acids are simple organic compounds containing both a/an carboxyl (—COOH) group and a/an amino (—NH2) group
• Glycine is the only amino acid that is not chiral
• The stereochemistry of the α-carbon in all eukaryotic amino acids (except glycine) is L
• All chiral amino acids except cysteine have (S) configuration
• L and D indicate relative configuration S and R indicate absolute configuration
• Amphoteric molecules can act as either a/an base or a/an acid
• The pH at which half of the species is deprotonated is called the pKa [HA] = [A-]
• A low pH will cause amino acids to be full protonated
• Isoelectric point is the pH at which an amino acid is in zwitterion form The charges cancel out to make a neutral molecule Khan Academy Link
• A/an zwitterion is when all charges cancel out, so the molecule is neutral
• The isoelectric point formula when there is no side chain is:
• The isoelectric point formula when there is a neutral side chain is:
• The isoelectric point formula when there is a basic side chain is:
• The isoelectric point formula when there is an acidic side chain is:
• At the midpoint of a titration, the pH = pKa
• At the equivalence point of a titration, pH = pI