lazarus and folkman

• lazarus and folkman?

  model of stress to describe and explain individual differences in how people respond to stressors from a psychological perspective.
• transactional model of stress and coping?

  1. transaction - exposure to potential stressor (external event)
  2. primary appraisal - is the event positive, negative or neutral. if negative, how bad is it - harm, threat or challenge
  3. secondary appraisal - do I have the resources or skills to deal with the event?
  4. NO? - no resources to cope – then distress occurs
• primary appraisal?

  outcome – is it irrelevant, good (benign-positive), or stressful?

  if it is stressful, evaluate further:

  1. Harm-loss: amount of damage already caused
  2. Threat – expectations for future harm
  3. Challenge – opportunity to achieve growth.●
• secondary appraisal?

  do I have resources to deal with it?

  Internal resources and coping options (e.g. strength and determination)

  External resources and coping options (e.g. money, support from family and friends).
• strengths and limitations of lazarus and folkman?


  strengths

  • Allows one to track the subjective stress response of an individual.
  • Allows for consideration of cognitive processes within the stress response

  limitations

  • Does not include biological processes of stress
  • human subjects are not necessarily consciously aware at all stages of appraisal, and therefore there is a lack of empirical evidence to support the model.