PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

• Self - is the union of elements; body, thoughts, feelings/emotions, and sensations that constitutes the individuality and identity of a person.
• Personality


  Union of thoughts, feelings, & sensation
• Values


  Moral codes, norms of conduct, and ethical principles a person adheres to
• Dreams and aspirations


  Paved the way for a life worth living. They mirror a part of that person and the type of individual they desire to become someday.
• Likes and dislikes


  Define what brings satisfaction and dissatisfaction to a person.
• Self-perception and others' perceptions


  View of oneself in relation to other people, others' perceptions, and how a person truly is based on objective reality.
• Johari Window


  A model for self-awareness and interpersonal relations
• Johari Window


  • Self-disclosure and Sharing
  • Establishing Trust
  • Asking for feedback and giving feedback

  
• Menarchy - first menstration
• Lina Medina - earliest recorded pregnancy at the age of 5. She experienced precocious puberty (earlier puberty than expected).
• Changes during puberty (Dr. William A. Marshall, 1978)


  • Height (men) & Weight (women) increases
  • Reproduction of sperm & ovaries began to release egg cells
  • The secondary sex characteristics develop
  • The body grows as seen in the growth of muscles & fats
  • Improve circulatory & respiratory systems
• Jean Piaget's four main stages of cognitive development


  • Sensorimotor (Birth-2 y.o)
  • Preoperational (2-7 y.o)
  • Concrete Operational (7-11 y.o)
  • Formal Operational Stage (12-adulthood)
• Erik Erikson's 8 stages of psychosocial development


  • Infancy - 1 y.o
  • Early Childhood (1-3 y.o)
  • Pre-school (3-6 y.o)
  • School Age (6-11 y.o)
  • Adolescence (teen-20s)
  • Young Adult (20s-early 40s)
  • Middle Adult (40s-60s)
  • Maturity (60s+)
• Lawrence Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory


  • Preconventional Morality
  • Conventional Morality
  • Post Conventional Morality
• Lev Vygotsky's Social Development Theory


  • Zone of the Proximal Development (ZPD)
• Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual Development Theory


  • Oral stage
  • Anal stage
  • Phallic stage
  • Latent stage
  • Genital stage
• Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Development Theory


  • Id
  • Superego
  • Ego
• Robert J. Havighurst's Developmental Tasks in Adolescence


  • Establishing harmonious & favorable relations w/ people of similar group
  • Acquiring either a masculine or feminine role in society
  • Learning to accept & appreciate ones' body & physical attributes
  • Obtaining freedom from the protective arms of parents & other people
  • Getting ready for a particular vacation, marital relationship, & family life
  • Preparing for a professional career
  • Adopting a set of moral principles to guide one's actions & behaviors in developing a sense of ideology
  • Yearning for & embracing socially responsible behaviors
• Kimmel & Weiner's Stages of Adolescence


  • Early Adolescence
  • Middle Adolescence
  • Late Adolescence
• Concern for body image in middle adolescence

  • Strong inclination for teenagers to be conscious of their physical appearance
  • Tendency to be unhappy about their physical image and in danger of acquiring a bad physical image
• Factors that can lead to poor body image in teenagers

  • Having a physical defect or incapacity
  • Feeling pressure from family or friends about looks
  • Having a different look or heavier weight compared to the "ideal" shapes
  • Feeling anxious about how others perceive their appearance
  • Having poor self-esteem
  • Wanting to have a perfect body image
  • Having bouts of depression because of their looks
  • Belonging to a group/club/organization that emphasizes a certain body type
• Excessive Body Fat or Obesity

  A body condition characterized by having too much body fat, which can cause major problems like heart problems, hypertension, sleeping difficulties, breathing problems, and emotional problems
• Eating Disorders


  Psychological conditions characterized by having extreme disturbances in eating habits
• Types of Eating Disorders

  • Anorexia Nervosa (refusal to eat)
  • Bulimia Nervosa (excessive eating and purging)
  • Binge-Eating Disorder (out-of-control eating)
• Indications of Eating Disorders

  • Often weighing
  • Intense weight change
  • Insomnia
  • Constipation
  • Addiction in exercising
  • Body Dysmorphia
  • Missing most meals
  • Distorted eating habits
• Puberty-related changes


  Young individuals who are "off-time" or earlier or later in their pubertal development experience more stress than those who are on-time
• Irregularity in Sleeping Patterns

  Adolescents tend to sleep late at night and wake up late in the morning
• Sleep Disorders


  • Insomnia (trouble falling or staying asleep)
  • Narcolepsy (excessive sleepiness during the day and fully awake at night)
  • Sleep Apnea (brief interruptions of breathing during sleep)
• Treatments for Sleep Disorders

  • Fix sleeping habits
  • Melatonin
  • Lifestyle changes
  • Therapy
• Narcolepsy does not have a treatment for the disorder itself
• Autism Spectrum Disorder


  A neurological and developmental disorder that affects how people interact with others, communicate, learn, and behave

  
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

  One of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood, usually first diagnosed in childhood

  
• Borderline Personality Disorder


  A mental illness that severely impacts a person's ability to manage their emotions, similar to Bipolar Disorder but affecting more than 2 emotions
• Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder

  • Fear of abandonment
  • Extreme mood swings
  • Unstable relationships
  • Unstable self-image
  • Paranoia
  • Zoning out/dissociation
  • Feeling of emptiness
  • Suicidal tendencies
• Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

  Also known as split personality disorder, a complex psychological condition caused by severe trauma
• Symptoms of Dissociative Identity Disorder

  • Multiple personality
  • Amnesia (forgetting what the other personality did)
  • Psychosis (seeing their 'other' personality)
  • Zoning out/dissociation
  • Withdrawal
  • Insomnia
  • Change in voice
  • Suicidal tendencies
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)


  Features a pattern of unwanted thoughts and fears known as obsessions that leads to repetitive behaviors (compulsions)
• Examples of OCD Behaviors

  • Handwashing
  • Praying
  • Counting in specific patterns
  • Repetition of words
  • Cleaning
  • Body checking for signs of illness
  • Reassurance seeking
  • Confessing
• Panic Attack


  A brief episode of intense anxiety, which causes physical sensations of fear, occurring frequently and unexpectedly
• Symptoms of a Panic Attack

  • Hyperventilation (shortness of breath)
  • Heart palpitations
  • Nausea
  • Chills/hot flashes
  • Sweating
  • Trembling
  • Numbness
  • Dizziness