Tests for ORGANIC compounds

• How do you test for carboxylic acids?

  Add sodium carbonate/hydrogencarbonate and if there's effervescence seen there's a carboxylic acid present
• How do you test for Carbon dioxide?

  Limewater goes cloudy/milky
• What's the test for acyl chlorides?

  Add water to the sample slowly, if misty white fumes are given off an acyl chloride is present
• How do you test for amines?

  Add universal indicator to the sample, if it turns blue/purple there's an amine present. Also it'll have a fishy smell
• How do you test for alcohols ?

  Add ethanoic acid to the sample, followed by sulfuric acid and heat. If the mixture starts to smell sweet and fruity an alcohol was present.
• How do you make alcohols from esters and how do you identify the ester?

  react the alcohol with a carboxylic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid to make the ester, The ester will have a sweet, fruity smell
• How do you test for alkenes?

  Add bromine water and shake, if bromine decolourises from orange to colourless an alkene is present.
• How do you test for aldehydes?

  Add tollen's reagent where a silver mirror forms or fehling's solution where there's a colour change from blue to brick red ppt.
• What's the test for halogenoalkanes?

  Add aqueous sodium hydroxide to the sample and heat

  then allow to cool

  then add dilute nitric acid and then aqueous silver nitrate

  a white ppt soluble in dilute ammonia indicates that a chloroalkane was present

  a cream ppt soluble in concentrated ammonia indicates that bromoalkane was present

  a yellow ppt insoluble in ammonia indicates that an iodoalkane was present