information systems

• Information system


  A system used to generate the information needed to support the users in an organization
• System development


  The process of designing and implementing a new or modified system
• Reasons for system development

  • New laws (Sarbanes-Oxley Act, HIPAA, etc.)
  • Changes to legal requirements for retaining business data (e-disclosure, etc.)
  • Introduction of new technology
• Enterprise architecture


  Provides a detailed picture of an organization, its function, its systems, and the relationships among them
• Business intelligence (BI)


  The processes, technologies, and tools used to gather, store, access, and analyze data about a company
• Data warehouse (data mart)


  Comprehensive collection of data about a company and its customers
• Data mining


  The use of intelligent software to find subtle patterns that may not be otherwise evident
• Types of information systems

  • Office system
  • Transaction processing system (TPS)
  • Decision making support system
  • Geographic information system (GIS)
  • Integrated enterprise system
  • Design and manufacturing system
  • Artificial intelligence (AI) system
• Office system


  A system used to facilitate communications and enhance productivity
• Types of office systems

  • Document processing system
  • Document management system (DMS)
  • Content management system (CMS)
  • Communications system
• Transaction processing system (TPS)


  Processes and records data created by an organization's business transactions
• Types of transaction processing systems


  • Order entry systems
  • Payroll systems
  • Accounting systems
• Management information system (MIS)


  Provides decision makers with preselected information, usually in the form of computer-generated reports
• Decision support system (DSS)


  Provides people with the tools and capabilities to organize and analyze their decision making information
• Executive information system (EIS)

  A DSS targeted directly to upper management
• Geographic information system (GIS)


  Combines geographical information with other types of data to provide a better understanding of relationships among the data
• Integrated enterprise systems


  • Electronic data interchange (EDI)
  • Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
  • Enterprise application integration (EAI)
  • Inventory management system
  • Supply chain management (SCM)
  • Just-in-time (JIT)
  • Warehouse management systems (WMS)
  • Product lifecycle management (PLM)
• Computer-aided design (CAD)


  A design and manufacturing system that uses computers to automate the design function
• Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)


  A design and manufacturing system that uses computers to automate the manufacturing function
• Artificial intelligence (AI) system


  A system in which a computer performs actions that are characteristic of human intelligence
• Types of AI systems

  • Intelligent agents
  • Expert system
  • Neural network
  • Robotics
• Intelligent agent


  Programs that perform specific tasks to help to make a user's work environment more efficient or entertaining and that typically modifies its behavior based on the user's actions
• Expert system


  Provides the type of advice that would be expected from a human expert
• Neural network


  A system in which the human brain's pattern-recognition process is emulated by the computer
• Robotics


  The study of robot technology
• Robot


  A device, controlled by a human operator or a computer, that can move and react to sensory input
• Military robots


  • Investigate caves, buildings, trails, etc., before soldiers enter
  • Locate and defuse explosive devices
  • Surveillance
  • Exoskeltons are under development
• Business robots


  • Seeking gas leaks, intruders, other hazards
  • Working on factory assembly lines
  • Mining coal, repairing oil rigs
  • Locating survivors/rescues
  • Remote video-conferencing
• Personal robots


  • Entertainment
  • Toys
  • Household tasks
• Societal implication of robots
• Expert system


  A system using knowledge from medical experts that is used to help diagnose patients
• An order-entry system would not be classified as a management information system
• Robot


  A device, controlled by a human, that can move and react to sensory input
• Information systems (IS) department


  Responsible for that organization's computers, systems, and other technology
• Systems analyst


  Studies systems in order to determine what work needs to be done, and how this work may best be achieved
• Other IT personnel


  • Business analysts
  • Application programmers
  • Operations personnel
  • Security specialists
• Outsourcing


  Hiring outside vendor to perform specific business tasks
• Security and privacy issues with outsourcing
• Systems analyst


  The IT employee most involved with system development
• System development life cycle (SDLC)


  The development of a system from the time it is first studied until the time it is updated or replaced