Decolonization

• Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi


  Leader of the Indian independence movement and advocate of nonviolent resistance. Became leader of the Indian National Congress in 1920.

  
• muhammad ali jin

  Indian statesman who was the founder of Pakistan as a Muslim state (1876-1948)

  
• Jawaharlal nehru

  Indian statesman. He succeeded Mohandas K. Gandhi as leader of the Indian National Congress. He negotiated the end of British colonial rule in India and became India's first prime minister (1947-1964).

  
• amritsar mas

  To protest the Rowlatt Act, Indians gathered in Amritsar, where British troops fired on the crowd killing several hundred. This sparked further protests

  
• Homespun movement

  movement begun by Gandhi to boycott British goods by making cloth at home

  
• Salt March

  Gandhi led a march over 240 miles to protest the British monopoly on salt in India

  
• Indian Independence


  Declares itself independent in 1947 after WWII. Also led to the partition of India

  
• Parition

  India and Pakistan being separated due to religious differences in 1947

  
• Decolonization


  The process by which colonies become independent of the colonizing country; especially after WWII

  
• Kwame Nkrumah


  founder of Ghana's independence movement and Ghana's first President

  
• Jomo Kenyatta


  Nationalist who helped lead Kenya to independence

  
• Mau Mau Rebellion

  the massacre of 1,700 Africans and about 10 European settlers and missionaries by native Kenyan tribes, especially the Kikuyu, who resented British intrusion

  
• Kenya


  FormerlyBritish East Africa, this East African nation gained independence from England in 1963

  
• Ghana


  Formerly the Gold Coast, this west African nation gained its independence from Britain in 1957

  
• Algeria


  Formerly French Algeria, this north African nation gained its independence from France in 1962

  
• Nelson Mandela

  ANC leader imprisoned by Afrikaner regime; released in 1990 and elected as president of South Africa in 1994.

  
• apart


  Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.

  
• South Africa

  Colonized first by the Dutch and then by the British, this nation gained its independence in 1910, but had a legacy of legal racial segregation that would last until 1994

  
• African National Congress


  South African political organization founded in 1912 to defend African interests; became the ruling political party after the 1994 elections.

  
• Pan-Africanism


  the unity of all black Africans, regardless of national boundaries

  
• F. W de


  Elected as the last white South African president in 1989. He legalized the ANC and also released Nelson Mandela from prison. This started a new era in South Africa and ended apartheid

  
• Soweto


  (1976) a major student protest against apartheid that took place in the township of Soweto; the peaceful march turned violent, killing more than 600 people and wounding 4,000