equilibria

• what is meant by a "closed system"?

  a sealed vessel
• relation with the rate of forward and backward reaction?

  the rate of forward reaction=the rate of the backward reaction
• what would be the effect of increasing the temperature on this reaction?

  decrease the relative amount
• how could the product be increased just by changing the temperature?

  decrease the temperature
• what is the raw material source of nitrogen?

  air
• what is the raw material source of hydrogen?

  natural gas(or water)
• what temperature is used in the Haber Process?

  450
• explain the temperature(450)in terms of rate and yield?

  -low temperature favours the forward exothermic reaction(increases the yield/amount of ammonia

  -high temperatures increase the rate of reaction

  -450 is a compromise of a reasonable yield and Rate of Reaction
• what is the pressure used in the Haber Process?

  200atm
• explain the pressure(200),in terms of rate,yield and safety?

  -high pressure shifts the eqm to the side with the fewer molecules(which increases the yield)

  -high pressure increases the RoR

  -higher than 200 atm not used due to high costs of equipment and safety concerns
• which catalyst is used in the Haber Process

  iron
• why is the catalyst(iron)used?

  increase the rate of forward and backward reaction equally

  reduces the time takes to reach equilibrium
• how is the ammonia collected?

  condense the ammonia in a condenser
• what is the balanced equation for the Haber Process?

  balanced equation: