germany

• Unemployment of 16-30 year olds 1933

  1/2
• How did Heinrich Brüning (Chancellor) try to deal with the Great Depression?

  Government spending was cut to control inflation and keep exports competitive.

  Increased taxes, reduced salaries and reduced unemployment assistance
• What did Brüning rely on for control?

  Article 48 and the emergency powers of the president
• Parliament in 1932

  Was largely ignored and people thought this was undemocratic
• Communist and Nazi seats in 1930

  77 Communist

  107 Nazi
• How long was Hitler in prison for?

  9 months of a 5 year sentence
• When was the ban on the NSDAP lifted?

  Two weeks after Hitler's release
• 27th February 1925


  Nazi party relaunched
• Who did the Nazis appeal to?

  Middle classes and farmers
• Membership of NSDAP 1925-1929

  50,000-150,000
• social impacts of great deppression

  6 million unemplyed 1933---> men feeling shameful for being unable to feed families---> nazi votes
• economic impacts of the great depression

  bussiness collapse---> inspired hitler's future economic policies which brought him to power
• political impacts of the depression

  weimar government unpopularity----> support for radicals---> fear of communism / unrest due to coalition governments
• why was there a fear of communism

  popularity of KPD increased due to all the workers that where out of work and where desperate for jobs so rich became increasingly scared. Bussiness owners despised communist style land ownership and belived that they were linked with soviet union (revolution 1917) This further excentuated division between the turn to far left (worker's rights) and far right(restore power)
• nazi economic policies at a glance

  self sufficiency, control of leisure work, rearment
• 5 Rs of nazi economic policies

  rearment, rad, recreation, roads, register
• how did hitler achieve self sufficiency in his economic policies?

  when dr schatt was new minister of economy , made plan to invade new countries that provided raw materials and food as part of "lebensraum" and the four year plan of 1936
• how did nazis tackle unemployment?

  RAD, public work programmes, labour camps
• how did the nazis ensure they were ready for war?

  rearmament, industry went up by 1 million between 1935 and 1938. Towards1936, this is what most policies were geared toward
• how did nazis control leisure and work

  KDF, women not allowed in work
• Reasons for Hitler's rise to power

  hitler myth, provided scapegoats for germany's most detested problems alike the depression, hyperinflation an TOv (allies, communists, Jews), support from powerful people, opposition weak and divided due to deppression, article 48 (reichstag became increasingly bi passed) , enabling act (reichstag fire)
• when was hitler's most successfull rise in power?


  1930-1933, with in 1932 winning 37% of vote (UNEMPLOYMENT)
• how did hitler's propaganda in newspapers fail?

  circulation was down by 10%, with the boring same ideas
• Nazi degenerate art campaign


  served to make the german people hostile towards expressionism, alike hitler. They included derisive exhibitions ridiculing work of kd brucer and even western european movements such as the fauves. It would be displayed next to grand nazi art with captions such as 'nature is seen by sick minds' and 'madness becomes method'. They were bannned and seen as an embarrassment to the german country. Famous expressionist artist kirchner commited suicide 1938.
• when did the nazis closed bauhaus?

  1931
• how many works were siezed and deemed as 'degenerate'?

  15,000
• pros for economic miracle


  DAf helped people find work, "beauty of labour" improved working conditions, rearment upped national pride, kdf, average wage rose 86-109 marks in 1932-1939
• cons for economic miracle

  still reliant on imports, working hours increased(60-70 hours, especially after 1936 with war)cost of food went up, food shortages due to 4 year plan in 1930s, unemployment register was debatable,
• how did life change under hitler for workers?

  unemployment went down, with only 35,000 unemployed in 1939,but recieved fewer rights
• how did life change for farmers under hitler?

  food prices increased, however there was strict limitations on growth with hitler and not enough workers due to war and no new agricultural technology as all spending was on war
• how did life change for big bussinesses under hitler?

  beneffited from no trade unions, being able to keep wages low an increase working days, benefitted from rearmment with production increasing by800%with the onset of the war
• how did life change for small bussinesses under hitler?

  producer goods lost out partly due to the war, with over 300,00 bussinesses going bankrupt
• Volksgemeinschaft

  "People's Community"; Nazi attempt to control all aspects of lives with secret police, massive rallies and parades and heavy censorship; everyone identified as "german" under this country, creating pride and further reenforced a certain us vs them mentality
• how did germany establish a police state?

  gustapo, courts, imprisonment, ss
• how did the court and legal systen help germany become a police state?

  jobs, crimes overlooked,enabling act,"people's court"
• how did the gustapo help germany become a police state?

  reinhard heydrich, mystery, tell, power to arrest on suspicion (paranoia) thought to bebetween 1953- 1945 800,00 germans were imprisoned under suspicion of being "enemies of state"
• reasons for lack of opposition in germany?

  fear, support, propaganda, censorship, restoration of trad values, no opposition groups
• how much of the population did catholics/ protestants make up?

  1/3 and 2/3
• opposition in the catholic church

  bishop gallen crtisised and protested against euthanasia, people put the pope over hitler and there were own catholic schools. This went against hitler's plan for own 'reich church
• what did hitler do to overcome opposition in catholic church?

  thousands of priests harrassed, catholic youth league banned