i hate science kys (Atmosphere)

• Atmosphere

  -layer of gases that surrounds the Earth

  -Nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%),other gases (1%)

  -Provides vital protection, regulates temperature, and supports weather and climate systems.
• What are the layers of the Earth's atmosphere?

  Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere
• TROPOSPHERE

  -Lowest layer and extends to 14 to 18 km from surface

  -Wind, clouds, water vapor and weather changes occur
• Tropopause- boundary zone between troposphere and stratosphere
• Jet streams- eastward winds and fast-moving river of air
• STRATOSPHERE

  -Second layer and about 50km above in earth

  -Ideal for aircraft because of the horizontal direction of air

  -Contains the ozone layer, which shields the Earth from harmful UV radiation

  -Area for radiosondes
• MESOSPHERE

  -Third layer and extends 90 km above earth

  -Coldest region and has thin air and low atmospheric pressure

  -meteors burn up upon entry in this layer creating the visual phenomenon known as shooting stars
• THERMOSPHERE

  -Topmost part extends 1000 km above earth

  -composed of individual gas molecules

  -Auroras - Northern Lights(Aurora Borealis) and Southern Lights

  -Holds the ionosphere
• EXOSPHERE

  -Outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere into the vacuum of space

  -Contains hydrogen and helium gases

  -Satellites and other human-made objects in Earth's orbit are found
• Atmospheric pressure

  -Downward force that exerts pressure to the earth surface

  -Determined by air mass and temperature
• Air mass - large amount of air that has the same amount of temperature and moisture
• Continental air mass- Air mass that originates from the land and are dry
• Maritime air mass -Air mass that originates from the sea and are moist
• Wind

  -moving air

  -Caused by uneven heating of the earth’s surface

  -Types are global winds and local winds

  -Local winds can be a sea breeze and a land breeze
• When air is heated, warm air goes up. The particles of warm air

  moves faster and spread out making it less dense or light. The surrounding air (cold air) will move toward the place where warm air rises to replace it.
• Rain- Falls out when clouds become heavy with condensed water droplets
• Snow- Occurs when temperature in the cloud is below freezing point,

  changing water vapor into ice crystals
• Freezing Rain- Forms when melted snow falls and turns into solid ice as it hits the ground
• Sleet- Forms when snow melts and refreezes as it falls through the layers of cold air
• Weather Disturbance- A change in atmospheric conditions or weather patterns
• Thunderstorm

  -A small scale weather system that has lightning and thunder

  -produced by funnel-cumulonimbus clouds

  -brings gusty winds, heavy rains, hail
• LIGHTNING

  -electrical energy, light energy

  Thunder

  -loud sound, sound energy
• TROPICAL CYCLONE

  • Greek term, kyklos mean “coiling snake”
  • A low pressure system that forms in tropical areas of ocean near the equator

  Cyclonic- swirl around a central eye

  Wind direction is counterclockwise
• Cyclone- South Pacific and Indian Ocean
• Hurricane- Northeast Pacific and Atlantic Ocean
• Typhoon- Northwest Pacific
• MONSOON

  -comes from the arab word “mansim” which means seasonal winds.

  -large scale sea breezes
• Southwest Monsoon

  • Local name- Habigat
  • Origin- West/ Southwest
  • Characteristics- Warm and Humid
  • Effects- cumulus clouds and heavy rains
  • May to September
• Northeast Monsoon

  • Local name- Amihan
  • Origin- Eastern
  • Characteristic- cold and dry
  • Effects- Cirrus clouds, light rains, and cold weather
  • October to February
• Intertropical Convergence Zone- a belt of low pressure located near the equator where the trade winds of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres come together
• What problem in the atmosphere is formed when a layer of warm air lies over a layer of cool air?

  Thermal Inversion
• List down the arrangement of the tropical cyclones from the weakest to strongest:

  Tropical Depression, Tropical Storm, Severe Tropical Storm, Typhoon, Super Typhoon
• Which government institution is responsible for providing flood and typhoon warnings, public weather forecasts, and advisories?

  PAGASA
• What is the gray-brown haze that hovers many cities?

  photochemical smog
• Acid Rain Causes- Power plants burn fossil fuels, Vehicles release nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide into the air
• What chemical destroys the ozone molecules?

  chlorofluorocarbon
• Acid Deposition - a broad term that describes how acid fall back to Earth.

  Types: wet deposition (acid rain) and dry deposition
• Ozone depletion - the destruction of the ozone molecules in the ozone layer mainly by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
• Climate change - a change in the average conditions — such as temperature and rainfall — in a region over a long period of time