UNIT 8 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

• Antipsychotics act as an antagonist for dopamine.
• Longterm antipsychotic use can produce tardive dyskinesia, which is involuntary movements of the facial movements, tongue, and/or limbs.
• The main types of anti anxiety drugs are barbiturates and benzodiazepines.
• Antianxiety drugs depress central nervous system activity.
• Antianxiety drugs enhance the activity of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. GABA is like the ”STOP sign“ for neurotransmitters.
• The main types of antidepressants are tricyclic antidepressants, MAO inhibitors, and SSRIs.
• Most antidepressants increase availability of norepinephrine, dopamine, or serotonin.
• SSRIs block reuptake of serotonin. SSRI stands for Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors.
• The most common mood-stabilizing drug is lithium.
• Lithium can cause weight gain, and is hard on the kidneys and thyroid glands.
• Bilateral ECT is more effective, but has worse side effects of memory loss.
• TMS produces no memory loss, but is more expensive than ECT.
• Brain stimulation aims to alleviate depression.
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy was developed by Beck
• REBT stands for Rational emotive behavior therapy.

  It was developed by Albert Ellis.
• cognitive therapies assume that the cause of psychological problems is attributional styles
• Depression is best treated with psychodynamic, client-centered, cognitive, or cognitive-behavioral therapy.