mid term review bio 11

• Archaea is….

  1. unicellular
  2. prokaryotic
  3. heterotrophic & autotrophic
  4. asexual
• Animalia is…

  1. multicellular
  2. eukaryotic
  3. heterotrophic
  4. sexual & asexual
• Plantae is…

  1. multicellular
  2. eukaryotic
  3. autotrophic
  4. sexual & asexual
  5. seeds or spores for reproduction
• Fungi

  1. mainly multicellular
  2. eukaryotic
  3. heterotrophic
  4. sexual & asexual
  5. fragmentation
• Bacteria is…

  1. unicellular
  2. prokaryotic
  3. heterotrohic & autotrophic
  4. asexual (binary fission)
• protista


  1. mainly unicelluar
  2. eukaryotic
  3. heterotrophic or autotrophic
  4. asexual & sexual
• true or false: prokaryotic cells have a nucleus

  false
• true or false: eukaryotic cells can be found in both single-called organisms and multicellular organisms.

  false
• true or false: prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles


  true
• true or false: eukaryotic cells carry out more complex functions

  true
• true or false: prokaryotes are generally smaller than eukaryotes

  true
• what are the three statements of cell theory?

  1. Cells are the basic unit of life
  2. All living things are made up of cells
  3. Cells may only arise via previously existing cells
• how did the microscope assist with cell theory?

  allowed for more view & insight into cells.
• explain difference between biogenesis & spontaneous generation

  biogenesis is the idea that living things only arise via previously living things.

  spontaneous generation is the belief that living things may spontaneously generate anywhere at any time
• who disproved spontaneous generation?

  louis pasteur
• what are the two main types of cells?

  prokaryotic & eukaryotic
• What is a prokaryote?

  A prokaryote is a single celled organism lacking most membrane bound organelles, most importanrly a nucleus
• what is a eukaryote

  a eukaryote is a type of cell that are multicellular organisms, they have all membrane bound organelles.
• major differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

  1. presence of nucleus
  2. size
  3. presence of membrane-bound organelles
  4. uni or multi cellular
• differences in genetic material between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

  Eukaryotes have distinct nucleus, which contains genetic material.

  Prokaryotes have no nucleus and have free floating genetic material.
• how does the absence of nucleus affect prokaryotic cells

  the generic material is floating.

  they lose the capacity of cell division.

  very short lived with distinct functions.
• Why aren’t viruses alive?

  1. cant perform cellular reproduction or respiration without a host cell
  2. they don’t grow
  3. they can’t make their own energy
• Spontaneous generation


  theory which living organisms develop from non living matter

  disproven by louis pasteur
• how eukaryotic cells use organelles

  the nucleus controls the cell, it’s responsible for everything, (i.e. nucleoli’s makes ribosome).
• what organelles are present in an animal cell?

  1. nucleus
  2. ribosomes
  3. RER
  4. AER
  5. golgi body
  6. cilia & flagella
  7. mitochondria
  8. centriole
  9. cell membrane
  10. vacuole
  11. cytoskeleton
  12. plastids
  13. lysosome
  14. cytoplasm
  15. nucleolus
• biogenesis is…

  the theory that all live comes from previously existing life
• what is the function of cilia and flagella

  its for mobility, to move cells around
• what is the function of the nucleolus?

  to produce ribosomes
• cells need to maintain homeostasis in order to survive.
• homeostasis is…


  the process by which a constant internal environment is maintained despite changes to the internal & external environments
• Bacteriophage


  A virus that parasitizes a bacterium by infecting it and reproducing inside it
• cells need to ingest nutrients, food oxygen & water as well as eliminate waste to maintain homeostasis
• the phospholipid bilayer is permeable to…

  oxygen, carbon dioxide, other small non polar molecules
• the phospholipid bilayer is impermeable to…

  large molecules
• a phospholipid head is

  polar (hydrophili)
• a phospholipid tail is

  non polar (hydrophobic)
• a non polar molecule has an

  equal distribution of electrons within it.
• a polar molecule has an

  unequal distribution of electrons, meaning part of the molecule has partial positive charge and the other a partial negative charge.