THIRD

• Qualitative research


  Occurs in the field or in a natural setting where the phenomenon is happening. The researcher engages with the people directly involved and often acclimate themselves to the views, beliefs, and culture of the community in focus.
• Researcher


  Acts as the key instrument in collecting data for qualitative research. The interactions, direct observations, and subjective analysis of the researcher and participants become part of the research process and collected data.
• Participant


  Their subjective views on a particular phenomenon are put into emphasis in a qualitative study. These different perspectives are highlighted when presenting the findings of the study.
• Qualitative research


  Uses multiple sources of data and analysis. Data can be collected using interviews, focus group discussions, observations, document reviews, and audio-visual information. Although these methods are not based on a unified theoretical and methodological concept, criteria and protocols are developed to ensure that findings are grounded in empirical data.
• Research ethics


  Ensures that every part of the study can balance the values and morals of both researcher and subject/respondent.
• Ethical Goals of a Researcher

  • Ensure that people participate voluntarily in the study
  • Keep people's comments and behavior confidential
  • Protect people from harm
  • Ensure mutual trust between researcher and participants
• Beneficence


  Researchers are ethically obligated to maximize benefit and minimize harm. The study puts emphasis on the research design being sound and the researchers having the appropriate competencies.
• Veracity or Justice


  The truth must always be stated, and all agreements or promises must be met. Researchers are morally obligated to treat each person what is morally proper and due to him/her. Additionally, both benefits and burdens must be equally distributed to all participants. Vulnerability may provide an exception to the equal distribution of benefits and burdens of the study. This is defined as a substantial incapacity to protect one's own interest, identity, consent, and well-being.
• Voluntary Participation/Respect for Persons


  Participants must be aware that their participation in the study is voluntary and that they are free to withdraw at any time without unfavorable repercussions. Respect for persons is based on the respect for autonomy and protection of said persons.
• Anonymity and Confidentiality


  Researchers seek to protect subjects' identity, interests, and future well-being. Researchers must be able to identify their responses, but not their identities. Individuals should have the right to limit access to information about themselves and control the use of this information.
• Disclosure


  This sets a boundary on what to disclose to the participant regarding the study. It is important to note that although it is required for researchers to disclose information about the study, this must be carefully considered so that the respondents' opinions and responses will not be affected or influenced.
• Consent


  Informed consent is an operational principle that allows participants to know that they are being researched, the nature of this research, and that they have the right to withdraw. This addresses four (4) areas of concern in research: Giving relevant information about the research to the subject for them to decide whether to participate, Making sure that subjects understand information by writing it in the subject's language and capacity, Ensuring that participation is voluntary by requiring written consent, Subjects that are not competent to agree must be given consent by a proxy.