W8 Community Assessment / CHPP, I, M and Evaluation

• Overview of Health Program Planning

  Three phases of the planning process:

  • Preparatory Phase
  • Planning Phase
  • Output
• Two objects of the planning process:

  • Planning for the programs and services
  • Planning for projects
• One single output:

  • A consolidated health program plan
• Community Assessment

  • an exercise by which a collaborative partnership gathers information on the current strengths, concerns, and conditions of children, families, and the community
• Community Assessment

  • The information comes from many sources-especially parents and family members- and is elicited by many techniques, including interviews, focus groups, and scanning demographic data collected by local agencies.
• Community assessments focus on:

  • local assets
  • resources
  • activities
  • gaps
  • barriers
  • emerging needs
• COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT

  • The process of identifying and appraising this information will help your collaborative partnership.
• COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT

  • Clearly understand the context in which families live and the issues families want to address; locate hidden strengths or underutilized resources that could be developed.
  • Determine which resources could contribute to comprehensive strategies, and in what way;
  • Design effective, collaborative strategies that engage children and families because they respond to real and important conditions; and
  • Empower families and community members by giving them a role in designing and implementing the strategies.
• The process of conducting a community assessment involves:

  1. Scanning the community to locate existing information,
  2. Developing a family focus,
  3. Identifying community assets and the degree to which they are accessible to the people who can benefit from them, and
  4. Analyzing the information obtained through the first three steps.
• Program

  • a series of coordinated related multiple projects that continue over extended time intended to achieve a goal
• Program

  • comprised of multiple projects and is created to obtain broad organizational or technical objectives
• Project

  • has an established and specific objective
  • has a defined life span with a beginning and an end
• Project

  • usually the involvement of several departments and professionals
• Project

  • has specific time, cost, performance requirements
• Program vs. Project

  • Objective
  • Benefit
  • Time
• Major Steps in Planning, Sustaining and Evaluating a Health Promotion Project

  1. Identify the issues or health problems in the community.
  2. Prioritize the issues or health problems to identify the one that the project will address.
  3. Identify risk factors and set the goal for the project
  4. Determine contributing factors and state objectives for the project
  5. Determine what strategies will be
  6. Develop the action plan for the project. DO IT!
  7. Sustain the project or keep the project (or some parts of it) going
  8. Evaluate the project
• Step 1: Identify the issues or health problems in the community

  • Clarifying need is an essential part of deciding what issue or problem the project will address. The term ‘needs assessment’ is used to describe a process of collecting information that will give a good indication of the priority needs of a community.
• Step 1: Identify the issues or health problems in the community

  • It provides an opportunity for the community to become involved in the planning from the beginning.
  • It helps with allocating resources and making decisions about where to start with health promotion work.
• CLASSIFYING NEEDS

  • When undertaking a needs assessment, it is important to consider that needs will be thought of differently, depending on whom you consult.
• Needs are sometimes classified as:

  • Normative needs
  • Felt needs
  • Expressed needs
  • Comparative needs
• Sharing Information From The Needs Assessment

  • Sharing the results of the needs assessment with the community is a key part of the planning process.
• Sharing Information From The Needs Assessment

  This process will:

  • Raise community awareness about the issues and possible underlying causes.
  • Stimulate discussion about ways to address the issues.
  • Allows the community to be involved in planning and decision-making about the project.
• Some of the information gathered during the needs assessment may be able to be uses as ‘baseline data’.
• Baseline data

  • describe the situation or condition at the time the project or intervention starts.
• Data collected later during the evaluation is then compared against the baseline data to see the effect of the project.
• Step 2: Prioritize the Issues or Health Problems

  • At the end of Step 1, the project team will have a list of major issues and potential target groups for the project.
  • There are always competing needs or issues in any community.
• Step 2: Prioritize the Issues or Health Problems

  • Limitations such as time and resources mean that not everything can get addressed.
  • Issues will need to be prioritized. Needs and priorities vary from individual to individual, family to family, group to group.
  • It is important to work out criteria to sort out which issue the project will address.
• Methods of Health Problem Analysis:

  • Qualitative Method
  • Quantitative Method
• Methods of Health Problem Analysis:

  • Qualitative Method

  Analysis of those who participated in the circumstances that surround the problem through focus group discussion (Participant’s Analysis).
• Methods of Health Problem Analysis:

  Quantitative Method

  • Construct a problem tree illustrating the direct and the underlying causes of the problem
  • Provide estimates (evidence-based) on the nature and extent of each cause through the use of indicators.
• Methods to Analyze Causes:

  1. Ishikawa Diagram
  2. Vector Diagram
  3. Cause and Effect Tree
• The Problem Tree (The What and the How-to)

  • A methodology to systematically identify the possible contributory factors that led to the formation of a health problem.
• Risk factors

  • are any aspect of behavior, society or the environment that are directly linked to the health problem
• Risk Factors

  • lead to or directly cause the problem.
  • Note that some can be charged, while others are not able to be modified, for example, family history of a condition.
• Example of risk factors:

  • Eating high fat food (behavioral)
  • having a family history of heart disease (biological)
  • People can change their food choices (modifiable) but not their genetics (non-modifiable).
  • Direct exposure to bacteria and germs (environmental) may be a risk factor for diarrhea.
• Addressing a problem successfully will require the project to focus on the underlying causes or issues that led to the problem in the firstplace.
• The goal and objectives of a project need to relate to the underlying causes or issues.
• Developing a clear and organized goal and objectives that relate to each other requires some critical analysis of the problem.