Movement 4

• Jonny opening


  The opening of the last movement of Haydn's 104th symphony
• Jonny opening


  Shows the relationship between the simple melodies and harmonies that the music is often based on and the folk music that would have been common at the time
• The exact relationship between the Jonny opening and the Croatian folk music is lost in the mists of time
• Haydn knew the Jonny opening as a folk melody or thought of it as a folk melody
• Jonny opening


  • Starts off very simple over a drone, as it may well be in its original setting and with no other real accompaniment apart from that drone
  • Although the material is accessible and simple and folk-like, what Haydn does with it over the course of the movement is incredibly sophisticated
  • The pairing of accessibility and simplicity with complexity and sophistication is the hallmark of the mature Classical period and particularly the hallmark of composers like Haydn
• Sonata form


  An art form with an exposition, development, and recapitulation
• The last movement of Haydn's 104th symphony is in monothematic Sonata form
• Monothematic Sonata form


  • The first subject (S1) is used again for the second subject (S2)
  • Haydn makes more effort to differentiate the two subjects compared to the first movement
• Ways Haydn differentiates the first and second subjects

  • Includes a more prominent counter-melody in the second subject
  • Includes a second second subject (S2b) that contrasts with the main second subject
• Interrupted cadence in bar 83


  Delays the final arrival on the dominant for the coda at the end of the exposition
• At the end of the development section

  Haydn is in the wrong key (F-sharp minor) instead of the expected dominant of the home key (D major)
• Haydn's use of interrupted cadences

  Messes with the listener's expectations
• Motivic and thematic aspects

  • Haydn uses motifs intensively, tracing the development of one particular motif (Y) throughout the movement
  • The Y motif starts as a quiet counter-melody, becomes more prominent, and is eventually transformed into a confident, rising melody in the full woodwinds
• There is so much going on in this movement that several videos could be filled with the details