Ch. 16

• Mixture A combination of 2 or more kinds of matter where each retains its own composition and properties
• What is a homogeneous mixture? What is an example of one? A mixture with uniform composition; salt water
• What is a heterogeneous mixture? What is an example? A mixture without uniform composition; dirty water
• What is a solution? A homogeneous mixture with a single phase
• What are the properties of a solution? Uniform distribution of particles Won't settle out Transparent Can't be filtered out Small particle size
• What is a solute in a solution? The part that gets dissolved typically the lesser amount
• What is a solvent in a solution? The part that does the dissolving typically the greater amount
• What is aqueous? A solution that contains water as the solvent
• What are tinctures? Solutions that contain alcohol as the solvent
• What are examples of tinctures? Iodine gas in alcohol phenolphthalein solutions (pink)
• What is an electrolyte? Anything that dissolves in water and conducts electricity
• What are words related to the nature of solutions? Solute solvent aqueous and tinctures
• How are solutes classified? According to whether they dissolved to form nuetral molecules or charged ions
• Molecules are non-electrolytes.
• Ions are electrolytes.
• What are kinds of electrolytes (or ionic things?)? Acids bases and salts (ABS)
• Acids Chemicals that start with H
• Bases Start with a metal and end with OH
• Salts Start with a metal but don't end in OH
• What are types of solutions? Gas with gas liquid with liquid solid with solid solid with liquid gas with liquid and gas with solid
• What is an example of a gas with gas solution? Air
• What is an example of a liquid with liquid solution? Alcohol in water
• What is an example of a solid with solid solution? Brass alloy (metallic solution) and amalgam (mercury solution)
• What is an example of a solid with liquid solution? Kool aid
• What is an example of a gas with liquid solution? Soda
• What is an example of a gas with solid solution? Hydrogen in platinum
• Suspensions A heterogeneous mixture of the largest particles that settle out
• Examples of suspensions A jar of muddy water pepto bismol antacids
• Colloids Contain intermediate size particles that remain in suspension because they don't settle out
• Examples of colloids Top of muddy water mixture - cannot be filtered and don't settle (still has dirt particles it's cloudy) foam smoke fog
• Matter consists of wha 2 groups? Pure substances and mixtures
• Pure substances contain what 2 groups? Elements and compounds
• Mixtures contain what 2 groups? Homogeneous and hetergeneous
• Homogeneous contains what group? Solutions
• Hetergeneous contains what 2 groups? Colloids and suspensions
• Degree of Solubility The amount of substance required to form a saturated solution in a certain amount of solvent at a certain temperature
• solute + solvent <--> solution
• What are the 3 ways to dissolve a substance quicker? Crushing it (increase surface area) Stirring it Heating it like sugar in coffee
• What is a polar/ionic solvent? Water
• What are some polar/ionic solutes? Salt sugar acids bases