Practice quiz

• Political Science


  Aims to know the activities within the state
• Polis


  Refers to the citystate in ancient Greece
• Scire


  Means "to know"
• Political Theory


  • Examines the contemporary application of Political concepts such as human rights, equality, peace, and justice
• Comparative Politics


  • Aims to provide context to the difference in government and political systems
• International Relations


  • The study of state-to-state relations and the wider margin of the impacts of globalization and climate change
• Political Behavior


  • Covers the attitudes, knowledge, and the actions of an individual in response to political variables
• Public Policy


  • Inquires on the types of government policies and the underlying motivations for their enactment and implementation
• Public Administration


  • Examines the various administrative schemes implemented by government officials
• Applied Orientation pervades all of its subdiscipline as they all address contemporary issue on politics, ethics, and governance
• Easton's political system model (1957)


  Presents five primary variables: Environment, Input, Demands, Support, Political system, Output, Feedback
• Environment


  Consists of the historical, social, and economic condition of the society that affects the types of policies accepted and defined by the electorate
• Input


  The forms of political events or products that are needed by society from its government
• Demands


  The perceived needs of the population that could better their lives
• Support


  Mechanisms within the systems that would allow for such demands to be facilitated
• Political system


  Acts like a black box through which every form of demand is sifted and decided upon
• Output


  The decision of the government toward an input
• Feedback


  Whenever the government decides on, opinions and responses would be made by the affected sectors
• Politics


  The central concept in the discipline, as much as society is to sociology and culture is to anthropology
• 3 definitions of politics by different theorists


  • Alfred Boyer - politics is the interaction between the civil society and the government in the activity of governance
  • Max Weber - politics is the exercise of power within a state
  • David Easton - politics is the authoritative allocation of scarce values
• Power


  The ability of a person A to make person B do what person B would not otherwise do
• State


  • A political concept, which makes it tangible unlike its elements
  • 4 elements: territory, government, people, and sovereignty
  • 2 characteristics: independent from external control, may consist of many nations
• Government


  The set of personnel who manages the affairs of the state in its set of allocating scarce values
• Monarchy


  A government that is caused by one ruler who has efficient administration of political and economic values
• Democracy


  Considered by Aristotle as an ineffective type of government
• Sovereignty


  • The capacity of a political system to make independent decisions within its territory
  • Internal Sovereignty - capacity to implement its rulers and policies within its territory
  • External Sovereignty - recognition of that system's existence and authority by other actors and systems
• Sociology


  The scientific study of society
• Sociological imagination


  Coined by C. Wright Mills in 1959
• Layers of social interactions

  • Space is not an issue
  • There could be multiple and simultaneous interactions
  • A dialogue could have an active and inactive ends
  • Subject positionality is present in any interactions
  • Taas na kaayo
• Social Organization


  The interrelationship of parts of society
• Roles


  A set of accepted behaviours that define the individual's response and inclinations
• Group


  A basic unit of organization
• Institutions


  The building blocks of a society
• Agency


  Individuals or groups reflecting, acting, modifying, and giving significance to the teaching of science
• Subdisciplines of Sociology


  • Social Organization - studies that involves social structures
  • Social Psychology - the study of the impact of group life to a person's nature and personality
  • Social change and disorganization - the branch of sociology that inquires on the interruption of its process through delinquency, deviance, and conflicts
  • Human Ecology - pursues study that relate human behavior to existing social institutions
  • Population or Demography - inquires on the interrelationship between population characteristics and dynamics
  • Applied Sociology - use sociologist research and methods to solve contemporary problems
• Two primary methodological perspectives in sociology

  • Positivist Orientation - perceives society as a quantifiable subject from which objective conclusions can be made
  • Anti-Positivist Orientation - promotes subjective approach wherein social phenomena are understood individual experiences