AOS 3 UNIT 2 area 5

• memory


  active info processing system that encodes, stores and retrieves info when needed
• encoding 


  code and put into memory acoustic, visual, semantic
• storage 


  maintain in memory episodic, procedural, semantic
• retrieval


  recover from memory recall, recognition
• storage capacity 


  the amount of info held
• storage duration


  length of time info is held
• control processes


  processes under conscious control of individual then selected + used depending on situation attention, rehearsal, retrieval
• structural features 


  permanent built in aspects of model that don't vary in situations the 3 different stores and their capacity, duration
• sensory memory (SM)


  entry point for new info from our senses info is an exact replica form (untouched) enables perceptual continuity 0.2- 4 secs potentially unlimited capacity
• iconic memory (eyes)


  visual sensory memory 0.2-0.4 secs unlimited capacity
• echoic memory (ears)


  auditory sensory info 3-4 secs unlimited capacity
• short term memory (STM)


  stores a limited amount of info for a short period of time SM thats attended to may pass to STM info can enter STM from LTM during retrieval 18-30 secs 5-9 items limited capacity
• long term memory (LTM)


  memory system that holds vast amounts of info for a long period of time info is encoded by meaning, semantically stored in networks relatively permanent virtually unlimited
• explicit memory 


  can be consciously or intentionally recalled knowing that subsystems are episodic and semantic
• semantic memory


  declarative memory for facts or knowledge not tagged with details of time/place knowing humans are mammals
• episodic memory


  declarative memory for personally experienced events that include time, place and psych= physio state of person mental diary of what we directly/indirectly experienced memory of first day of school
• implicit memory


  does not involved conscious/intentional retrieval knowing how subsystems are procedural and classical conditioned responses
• procedural memory


  memories of actions/procedures how to use chopsticks
• hippocampus 


  responsible for consolidation, encoding, retrieval of explicit LTM transfers memories to cerebral cortex for storage interacts with amygdala for formation of emotional memories plays a role in spatial learning
• amygdala


  responsible for consolidation, retrieval of implicit memory like fear/aggression emotional memories like classical cont responses
• neocortex


  involved in high order mental processes like language, attention, memory storage of explicit memories
• cerebellum

  encoding, temporarily storing implicit memories related to motor skills
• basal ganglia 


  roles in learning, procedural memory, routine, behaviors, emotions responsible for forming/guiding habits
• autobiographical memory


  consisting of episodes recollected from a persons life based on episodic+ semantic
• episodic future thinking


  projecting yourself forward in time to pre-experience an event that might happen in your personal future
• mental time travel


  capacity to mentally reconstruct past personal events and imagine possible future scenarios
• amnesia 


  loss of memory typically as result of organic cause
• neurodegenerative diseases


  brain illnesses that destroy neurons and cause progress permanent changes in cognitive ability
• alzheimers disease 


  neurodegenerative disease characterised by progressive deterioration of brain neurons memory loss, decline in cognitive, social skills +personality changes
• changes to the brain

  lesion= damaged or abnormal area of brain that appears like a scar amyloid plaques= sticky clusters of protein fragments that destroy synapses, neural impulse neurofibrillary tangles= abnormal build up of protein fibers within neuron brain lacks acetylcholine= neurons that produce this have died
• brain atrophying 


  neurons become damaged, brain tissues shrinks, eventually dies
• aphantasia 


  inability to visualise imagery may struggle with factual memory, remembering autobiographical events, dream less
• mnemonic


  strategies or techniques implemented to consciously improve memory
• mnemonics in written culture 


  acronym= first letter of each item to be recalled is placed together to create word FACE acrostic= first letter of each item to be recalled becomes first letter of new word making a phrase Every good boy deserves fruit method of loci= converting items into mental images to then associate with locations to aid memory
• mnemonics in oral cultures

  songlines= used in AA cultures that can be extended + built upon over times and are passed down from generations can be used for different themes like land or animals