active info processing system that encodes, stores and retrieves info when needed
encoding
code and putinto memory acoustic, visual, semantic
storage
maintain in memory episodic, procedural, semantic
retrieval
recover from memoryrecall, recognition
storage capacity
the amount of info held
storage duration
length of time info is held
control processes
processes under conscious control of individual then selected + used depending on situationattention, rehearsal, retrieval
structural features
permanent built in aspects of model that don't vary in situations the 3 different stores and their capacity, duration
sensory memory (SM)
entry point for new info from our senses info is an exact replica form (untouched) enables perceptual continuity 0.2- 4 secs potentially unlimited capacity
stores a limited amount of info for a short period of time SM thats attended to may pass to STM info can enter STM from LTM during retrieval 18-30 secs 5-9 items limited capacity
long term memory (LTM)
memory system that holds vast amounts of info for a long period of time info is encoded by meaning, semantically stored in networks relatively permanent virtually unlimited
explicit memory
can be consciously or intentionally recalled knowing that subsystems are episodic and semantic
semantic memory
declarative memory for facts or knowledge not tagged with details of time/place knowing humans are mammals
episodic memory
declarative memory for personallyexperienced events that include time, place and psych= physio state of person mental diary of what we directly/indirectly experienced memory of first day of school
implicit memory
does not involved conscious/intentional retrieval knowing how subsystems are procedural and classicalconditioned responses
procedural memory
memories of actions/procedures how to use chopsticks
hippocampus
responsible for consolidation, encoding, retrieval of explicit LTMtransfers memories to cerebral cortex for storage interacts with amygdala for formation of emotional memories plays a role in spatial learning
amygdala
responsible for consolidation, retrieval of implicit memory like fear/aggressionemotional memories like classical cont responses
neocortex
involved in high order mental processes like language, attention, memorystorage of explicit memories
cerebellum
encoding, temporarily storing implicit memories related to motor skills
basal ganglia
roles in learning, procedural memory, routine, behaviors, emotions responsible for forming/guiding habits
autobiographical memory
consisting of episodes recollected from a persons life based on episodic+ semantic
episodic future thinking
projecting yourself forward in time to pre-experience an event that might happen in your personal future
mental time travel
capacity to mentally reconstruct past personal events and imagine possible future scenarios
amnesia
loss of memory typically as result of organic cause
neurodegenerative diseases
brain illnesses that destroy neurons and cause progress permanent changes in cognitive ability
alzheimers disease
neurodegenerative disease characterised by progressive deterioration of brain neurons memory loss, decline in cognitive, social skills +personality changes
changes to the brain
lesion= damaged or abnormal area of brain that appears like a scaramyloid plaques= sticky clusters of protein fragments that destroy synapses, neural impulseneurofibrillary tangles= abnormal build up of protein fibers within neuronbrain lacks acetylcholine= neurons that produce this have died
brain atrophying
neurons become damaged, brain tissues shrinks, eventually dies
aphantasia
inability to visualise imagery may struggle with factual memory, remembering autobiographical events, dream less
mnemonic
strategies or techniques implemented to consciously improve memory
mnemonics in written culture
acronym= first letter of each item to be recalled is placed together to create wordFACEacrostic= first letter of each item to be recalled becomes first letter of new word making a phrase Every good boy deserves fruitmethod of loci= converting items into mental images to then associate with locations to aid memory
mnemonics in oral cultures
songlines= used in AA cultures that can be extended + built upon over times and are passed down from generations can be used for different themes like land or animals