bio

• Stages of mitosis


  1. Interphase

  2. Prophase

  3. Metaphase

  4. Anaphase

  5. Telophase

  6. Cytokinesis
• Interphase, the DNA replicated and the cell grows and prepares for cell division
• Prophase


  • Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
• Metaphase


  • Chromosomes line up on the equator
• Anaphase


  • Chromatids move to opposite sides of the cell
• Telophase


  • Two nuclei are formed
• Cytokinesis


  • Two daughter cells are formed
• Endoplasmic reticulum


  The smooth ER produces fats and oils and the rough ER produces proteins
• Plants


  • Have a cell wall and chloroplast
• Animals have..

  • Have centrioles
• Cell theory


  • All living things are made up of cells
  • Cell is the functional unit of life
  • Cells come from pre existing cells
• Main types of organisms

  • Eukaryotes
  • Prokaryotes
• Eukaryotic cells

  • Move through interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis
• Types of reproduction

  • Asexual reproduction
  • Sexual reproduction
• Cells reproduce for

  Reproduction, growth, and repair
• Phases of interphase

  • G1 phase
  • S phase
  • G2 phase
• G1 phase

  Cell grows fast
• S phase

  DNA replicates
• G2 phase

  Proteins are synthesized
• The series of muscle contractions that let bolus to move throughout the digestion system is called: persistalsis
• Name the 4 components of blood and what they do:

  White blood cells: fight infection

  Red blood cells: transport oxygen

  Platelets: help with blood clotting

  Plasma: Lets blood cells flow
• Left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood and right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood
• The path of blood flow:

  Lungs (get O2), pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, body cells (change O2-CO2), vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs (drops CO2 gets O2)
• accessory organs:

  liver: produces bile (bile is a yellow mixture that digests fat)

  Pancreas: produces enzyme called insulin (insulin regulates concentration of glucose in blood)

  gallbladder: sac that stores bile from liver
• Golgi apparatus function:

  packages molecules into vesicles
• Vacuole:

  Stores water and ions for a long period of time
• Lysosome: produces enzymes for digestion
• Nucleolus: produce ribosomes
• Chromatin: Where DNA is found
• Thylakoids: Flattened sacs
• Cell wall: Rigid outer layer of a plant cell that gives its shape
• Cytoskeleton: Transport system in a cell and gives it its structure
• Vesicles:

  Stores water ions and wastes for a Temporary amount of time
• Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis
• Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis
• Mitochondria: powerhouse of the cell
• Centrioles: Produce spindle fibers for mitosis in animal cells
• Nucleus: Controls the cell, the brain of the cell
• Cell membrane: The membrane around the cell
• cytoplasm: jelly like substance that fills the cell