EDUC 9

• Society


  Larger scale with established institutions (like government, education systems) that provide stability and a sense of belonging for its members
• Society


  An organized group of people that come together with a purpose
• Society


  Larger scale with established institutions (like government, education systems) that provide stability and a sense of belonging for its members
• Types of society


  • Religious
  • Organization
  • Charity
  • Cultural
• Society


  Defined by its economic structure: This focuses on how social classes and economic systems shape a particular society. For example, a feudal society or a capitalist society.
• Community


  • Smaller Scale
  • With shared location, government, and heritage
  • With shared characteristics or interests, regardless of location
• Education


  • A social institution
  • Transmits basic knowledge through which a society's children are taught with knowledge, skills and social norms
  • Process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge
  • Developing the powers of reasoning and judgment
  • Preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life
• Pedagogy


  Kind of schooling
• Social Interaction

  
  

  • Practice of everyday communication between people
  • Process which we act and react those around us
  • Tangibly influences the overt actions or the state of mind of the other
  • Mutual or reciprocal influence, resulting in the modification of behaviour
• Social Interaction


  • Doctor-patient visits
  • Organizations
  • Human-computer communication
• School Culture


  • Beliefs, perceptions, relationships, attitudes, and written and unwritten rules that shape and influence of how a school functions
  • Physical and emotional safety of students, the orderliness of classrooms and public spaces, or the degree to which a school embraces and celebrates racial, ethnic, linguistic, or cultural diversity
  • Guiding beliefs and values evident in the way a school operates
• Fullan (2007)


  • Guiding beliefs and values evident in the way a school operates
  • Can be used to encompass all the attitudes, expected behaviors and values that impact how the school operates
• Classical Philosophies


  • Idealism
  • Realism
  • Existentialism
  • Pragmatism
• Modern Philosophies


  • Perennialism
  • Progressivism
  • Humanism
• Idealism


  • Focuses on the importance of learning different ideas and concepts
  • Believe in reasoning and question the use of sense perception and the scientific method
  • Ideas remain constant through time and place, and when it comes to teaching, idealists share universal ideas and works
  • Every student should have a teacher or role model who they should look up to, so they can learn the norms of society
  • Teachers in the classroom with an idealist mindset put a lot of focus on discussion, imitation of important people, and the lecture
• Realism


  • The use of scientific investigation and sense perception to learn
  • Importance of experimental learning
  • Physical world is the realm of knowledge
  • Promote rationality using experimentation and observation of science and human behavior
  • To learn is to have hands-on approach
• Existentialism


  • Focusing on the ideas of existence in which individuals create their meaning and purpose
  • Personal choice, and in educational institutes
  • Students discuss their lives and the decisions they make while teachers emphasize asking questions and teaching them to define themselves through their way of life
• Pragmatism


  • Idea of change
  • Understand what it means to know
  • Knowledge represents an exchange between the learner and the environment
  • Truth and values are dependent on the changes
  • Students question what they know and how to evolve the knowledge to match to the changing world
  • Brainstorming to promote collaboration
• Perennialism


  • Knowledge passed through the ages should continue to be part of the curriculum
  • Focuses on classical works and their teachings on logic, analytical thinking, and reasoning
  • Subjects: physics, chemistry, science, math, religion, and history
  • Subject-centered philosophy
  • Teacher teaches students on rationality; guides
  • Classroom is organized and well-disciplined
• Progressivism


  • Student-centered; teachers facilitate learning
  • Scientific method of questioning
  • Assigning projects and portfolios
  • Progressivists are active learners and believe that individuality, change, and progress are essential for education
• Humanism


  • Student-centered
  • Students should have the choice in the learning process
  • Students engage in learning with teacher and peers to develop a curriculum and evaluation system specifically for that class
  • Considers the individual interests and abilities of students to bring out the best of them
  • Teachers give students the center-stage allowing them to plan, collaborate, and make decisions together
• Post-modern philosophy


  • Questions the importance of power relationships, personalization, and discourse in the "construction" of truth and world views
  • Denies that objects of reality exist and denies that there are objects of moral values
• Social perspectives


  • Social dimensions of education
  • Schools and social institutions
  • Education
  • Responding to the demands of society
• Consensus


  A general or widespread agreement among all members of a particular society
• Conflict


  A disagreement or clash between opposing ideas, principles or people which may be covert or overt
• Structural functionalism


  Society is made up of various institutions that work together in cooperation
• Status cultures


  Groups in society with similar interests and positions in the status hierarchy
• Interactionist theory


  • Origin in the social psychology of early 20th century
  • Examined the ways in which the individual is related to society through ongoing interactions
  • Attempt to make the "commonplace strange" by turning on their heads everyday taken-for-granted behaviors and interactions between students and students and between students and teachers
• Interactionist theory was developed by sociologists George Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley
• Family


  • Primary social institution
  • The basic unit in society
  • With multiple functions performed, and is necessary for survival and well-being
• Main goals of the family institution

  • Protecting children
  • Nurture children with love
  • Socialize children with social skills
  • Teaching life skills and how to function in society
• Education


  • Plays a vital role in shaping individuals' beliefs and values from a young age
  • Primary role is transmission of knowledge and skills between different generations, including academic knowledge and social and cultural norms
  • Typically promote values such as hard work, discipline and respect for authority
  • Reinforce gender and racial norms through dated curriculums
• Religion


  • Provides a moral framework for individuals and communities
  • Reinforces the belief in a higher power
  • Strengthen values such as compassion, forgiveness and charity
  • Promote specific beliefs and practices related to gender and race, which can challenge or reinforce societal norms
  • Some religious establishments welcome gender and racial equality, while many others uphold traditional gender roles and racial hierarchies
• Economic institutions


  • Provides basic physical sustenance of the society by meeting the needs for food, shelter, clothing, and other necessary supply and services
  • Includes agriculture, industry, marketing, credit and banking system, co-operatives etc.
• Government


  Responsible for forming and enforcing laws and ordinances that govern society
• Government's primary role


  • Maintain order and provide public services
  • Reinforce values such as justice, equality and democracy
• Government shapes norms related to gender and race through policies and legislation
• Laws banning discrimination based on gender and race


  Promote equality, while policies that perpetuate imbalances strengthen societal norms
• Education


  Transmission of knowledge, skills, and character traits and manifests in various forms
• Formal education


  • Within a structured institutional framework, such as public schools, following a curriculum