TRANSLATION

• Where does translation occur in BOTH eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

  At the RIBOSOMES in the CYTOPLASM
• Describe what happens during translation?

  Amino acids are joined together to make a polypeptide chain (Protein) following the sequence of codons (tripets) carried by the mRNA
• What is stage 1 of translation?

  The mRNA attaches itself to a ribosome and tRNA molecules carry amino acids to it.

  • ATP provides energy needed for the bond between the amino acid and tRNA molecule to form
• What is stage 2of translation?

  A tRNA molecule (carrying an amino acid) with an anticodon that is complementary to the first codon on the mRNA, attaches itself to the mRNA by SPECIFIC BASE PAIRING
• What is stage 3 of translation?

  A second tRNA molecule attaches itself to the next codon on mRNA in the SAME WAY
• What is stage 4 of translation?

  The 2 amino acids attached to the tRNA molecules are joined by a peptide bond. The first tRNA molecule moves away, leaving its amino acid behind.
• What is stage 5 of translation?

  A third tRNA molecule binds to the next codon on the mRNA. Its amino acid BINDS to the first two and the second tRNA molecule moves away
• What is stage 6 of translation?

  This process continues, producing a chain of linked amino acids (polypeptide chain) until there is a stop signal on the mRNA molecule
• What is stage 7 of translation?

  The polypeptide chain moves away from the ribosome and translation is complete