SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION - ENLIGHTENMENT

• Scientific Revolution


  mid 1500s
• Scientific Revolution


  • Scientists begin to question accepted beliefs
• Geocentric model


  Earth is the center of the universe
• Medieval View: knowledge comes from the Bible
• Geocentric Theory - moon, sun, planets revolve around the earth
• Scientific Revolution


  New way of viewing the natural world
• Heliocentric Theory


  Planets revolve around the sun
• Heliocentric Theory develops by Copernicus
• Galileo's Discoveries


  • Law of Pendulum
  • Rule of falling objects
• Galileo Galilei - makes discoveries about planets and surfaces
• Scientific Method


  Developed by Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes
• Francis Bacon


  Proposed induction
• Galileo


  Promoted the modern idea of progress
• Rene Descartes


  Great mathematician
• Rene Descartes linked Greek with Hindu & Arabic knowledge
• Newton's Theories


  • Theory of motion
  • Law of Gravity
  • Law of universal gravitation
• Scientific Instruments


  • Develop microscope, barometer & thermometer
• Andreas Vesallius improves knowledge of anatomy
• Edward Jenner produces world's first vaccine for smallpox
• Robert Boyle


  Revealed that matter is made of different things
• Boyle's law

  Reveals interaction of volume, temperature, & gas pressure
• Effects of Scientific Revolution

  • Social impact
  • Effect on navigation, map making & artillery
  • Science has innumerable social effects over time
  • New way of observing & looking at the world
• Renaissance Scientific Revolution

  The Enlightenment
• Enlightenment


  Age of reason sense of inquiry - questioning the established order
• Natural Laws


  Unchanged principles
• Enlightened thinkers - philosophes


  • Concerned with relationship between government & people
• Thomas Hobbes


  Argued that people are cruel and need to give up their rights, supported absolute monarchs
• Social Contract


  Arrangement where people give up some rights
• John Locke


  Believed that people are basically moral and reasonable
• Montesquieu


  Believed having 3 branches in government would prevent tyranny
• Tyranny


  Ruler abuses power
• Voltaire


  Believed in the freedom of press
• Jean Jacques Rousseau


  Believed that people were naturally good
• Adam Smith


  Scottish economist who believed that the forces of supply of demand should run the market
• Salons allowed Enlightenment ideas to spread
• Vernacular


  Common language
• Enlightened Women


  • Mary Astell
  • Mary Wollstonecraft
• Censorship


  Restricting access to ideas & information