Virtue ethics is a moral philosophy and theory of normative ethics that emphasizes individuals' character and personalitytraits instead of their actions.
Virtue ethics
ethics - the right and wrong of human behavior
ethics
Loyalty:
Being faithful, reliable, and or dedicated to something or someone. It requires a commitment to helping others succeed and working together for common goals despite the difficulty.
Loyalty:
Courage: The ability to act despite fear, adversity, or danger. It can include physical bravery but also moral courage, such as standing up for what one believes is right and just, even when it may be unpopular
Courage:
Honesty: Being truthful and
sincere in all aspects of life. Honesty includes being open with others disagreements about or mistakes rather than attempting to cover them up.
Honesty:
Compassion:
Having empathy for the plight of others and willingness to reachout with understanding and assistance. Compassion is often - seen as the basis for altruisticbehavior, such as charitable giving or volunteerism.
Compassion:
Patience: The capacity to
endurehardships or unpleasant situations withoutlosingone'stemper. Patience is often considered key to resolvingconflicts peacefully or creating productive relationships with others.
Patience:
Wisdom: The capacity to thinkdeeply and use judgement based on experience. Wisdom involves understanding how the parts of aproblemfittogether rather than simply focusing on isolated details.
Wisdom
Kindness: Acting with generosity, gentleness, and concernforothers. Kindness requires more than simply being nice but involves actively seeking opportunities to help those around you who may be struggling or need assistance
Kindness:
Integrity: Living according to one'sprinciples no matter what the cost. Integrity involves taking responsibility for your actions, keeping promises, and having a consistent set of values regardless of circumstances or social pressure.
Integrity:
Humility: Acknowledging one'sownlimitations while still recognizing personalstrengths. Humility can involve admitting when we are wrong, praising another's achievements rather than our own, and not placing oneself above other people.
Humility:
Respect: Valuing the rights, beliefs, feelings, needs, preferences, and opinions of yourself and those around you. Respect requires treating everyone fairly regardless of background, race, gender identity, etc.
Respect:
Gratitude: Appreciating the people, things, and experiences in one's life and expressing thankfulness. Gratitude can lead to a greater sense of well-being and a more positive outlook on life.
Gratitude:
Forgiveness: Letting go of anger or resentment towards someone who has wronged you. Forgiveness can help healrelationships and promote innerpeace.
Forgiveness:
Creativity: Thinking outside
the box and finding unique solutions to problems. Creativity involves taking risks and embracingfailure as part of the learning process.
Creativity:
Justice: Upholding what is fair and equitable, and advocating for the rights of all individuals. Justice involves fighting against discrimination, inequality, and oppression.
Justice:
Determination: Having the drive and persistence to achieve one's goals despite obstacles or setbacks. Determination involves hardwork, focus, and resilience in the face of challenges.
Determination:
Marcus Aurelius
• 1stcenturyBC
• He believed that all emotions should be suppressed in favor of reason and logic to achieve emotional balance
Marcus Aurelius
ARISTOTLE
• 4thcenturyBC
• humans should be guided by their character rather than externalrules or regulations
ARISTOTLE
SOCRATES
• Being wisemeantknowingoneself and what makes a person happy or sad.
• innerreflection rather than rule- following, a radical idea for his time
SOCRATES
PLATO
• Striving for justice and harmony within oneself was more important than following external rules or laws
PLATO
Immanuel Kant
• Self-discipline
• If people acted with harmoniouswills, they could make ethicaldecisions without resorting to outside moral guidelines or codes
Immanuel Kant
Virtue (aretê) - Refers to genuine moral excellence of character.
Virtue (aretê)
Eudaimonia - humans should act in ways that seek purpose and meaning.
Eudaimonia
Practical Wisdom (phronêsis)- refers to the importance of rationaldecision-making based on empiricalevidence.
Practical Wisdom (phronêsis)
Ethics Of Care
• This approach to ethical decision- making focuses on caringforothers, particularly vulnerableindividuals such as the sick, elderly, or disabled
Ethics Of Care
Agent-BasedTheories
• Emphasizes individual agents' importance and societalroles. It questions traditionalviews on morality, focusing on large groups or abstract principles rather than individual actions
Agent-BasedTheories
EudaimonistApproach
• An ethical framework based on AncientGreekphilosophy. It postulates that individuals should strive for self-fulfillment by developingcourage, virtues such as temperance, and wisdom to lead a good life.
EudaimonistApproach
Critique Of Virtue Ethics
Lack of Clear Guidance
2. Subjectivity
3. Lack of obviousrewards for virtuousbehaviors
Virtue ethics emphasizes cultivating goodcharactertraits within individuals rather than simply evaluating the consequences of their actions or adhering to a set of external rules or regulations.
This philosophy is rooted in ancientGreek and Romanthought and has influenced ethical thinking for centuries.
Virtue ethics involves developing virtues such as honesty, courage, compassion, and humility and using practicalwisdom to make moraldecisions.
Despite some limitations, virtue ethics is still a relevant and popular approach to ethicaldecision-making in many contexts.
Through careful reflection and practice, individuals can use this approach to cultivate strongmoralcharacter and leadmeaningfullives.