d) Different approaches in promoting HWB+R

• What are the different approaches that can be used in promoting health, well-being and resilience?

  • person-centred
  • educational
  • behavioural
  • societal
  • medical
• What is the educational approach?

  • Providing information to increase knowledge and understanding of how to reduce risks and improve HWB+R.
  • The aim is to raise awareness of an issue (e.g. infectious diseases) to enable an individual to make an informed decision.
• What is the person-centred approach?


  • Partnership working and mutual respect between an individual and professional.
  • An individual identifies what matters to them and what they think will work best for them, having been provided with information and support to enable them to make choices.
• What is the behavioural approach?


  Encouraging people to change attitudes and behaviours such as adopting healthy lifestyle choices.
• What is the societal approach?

  Making changes within society such as addressing inequalities in health, well-being and resilience.
• What is the medical approach?


  Promoting medical procedures and interventions (e.g. taking blood pressure readings) to prevent risks and improve HWB+R.
• What are the benefits of the person-centred approach? 


  • Individual is more likely to commit to their plan to make improvements because they own it.
  • Increased chance of better outcomes for the individual and professional.
• What are the limitations of the person-centred approach?


  • If partnership work and mutual respect do not exist, the impact of this approach is limited.
  • If the individual does not involve themselves in this approach, this decreases the chance of better outcomes.
• What are the benefits of the educational approach?


  • Factual information in different formats can be provided to meet diverse needs of the population.
  • Empowers an individual to make informed decisions to make improvements.
• What are the limitations of the educational approach?


  • Having knowledge does not always lead to a change in behaviour.
  • Social and economic determinants are not all in an individual’s control and these can lessen the impact of knowledge.
• What are the benefits of the behavioural approach?


  • Individuals who make inbuilt, long-term changes as a result of this approach decrease their risks and improve their outcomes
• What are the limitations of the behavioural approach?


  • Social and economic determinants can disrupt the adoption of healthy lifestyle choices.
  • Behavioural change can be short-lived.
• What are the benefits of the societal approach?


  • Addresses social and economic factors to support prevention and long-term, positive change
• What are the limitations of the societal approach?


  • Approaches have to address diverse and complex issues with no ‘quick fix’ to improve outcomes.
• What are the benefits of the medical approach?


  • Interventions such as screening, treatment and medication can make a positive difference to health, well-being and resilience.
• What are the limitations of the medical approach?


  • Relies on engagement from an individual which may not be present.
  • Focuses on detecting risks or problems instead of ‘wellness’ which is about long-term healthy lifestyle choices.
• What is PRIMARY HWB+R promotion?


  Prevention and promotion activities that aim to reduce risks and promote the health, well-being and resilience of the entire population.
• What is an example of PRIMARY HWB+R promotion?


  • National immunisations programmes in Wales.
  • Individuals being vaccinated stops the spread of infection which prevents harm to the population.
• What is SECONDARY HWB+R promotion?


  Prevention and promotion activities that aim to reduce the risk of disease for people already at risk because of their personal characteristics (e.g. age and gender) or health condition (e.g. diabetes).
• What is an example of SECONDAY HWB+R promotion?


  • The national screening programmes in Wales.
  • Screening provides an opportunity for early detection so that intervention and treatment can take place at the earliest opportunity.
• What is TERTIARY HWB+R promotion?


  • Prevention and promotion activities to reduce the impact of a condition.
  • To improve the quality of life where a disease already exists.
  • Tertiary prevention and promotion includes a range of interventions to enable an individual to continue to live independently within their own community.
• What is an example of TERTIARY HWB+R promotion?


  • Telecare system (alarm) in the home of a person living with dementia.
  • To enable an individual to live independently in their home whilst increasing a sense of safety and security for them and others.
• What are the different methods of communication used to encourage people to improve HWB+R?


  Mass media, social media, posters, leaflets and promotional events.
• What is mass media?


  Communication outlets that reach a large audience, such as television, radio, newspapers, and the internet.
• What is social media communication?


  Communication that develops and shares information and ideas on social media networks.
• What is posters and leaflets communication?

  Posters (advertising boards at public transport stations)

  Leaflets (small, compact)
• What are promotional events?

  An event or occasion that draws attention to an issue of importance.