Organ Systems (Science Reviewer)

• Components of the musculoskeletal system

  • Muscular system
  • Skeletal system
• Muscular system


  Contains all the types of muscles in the body
• The human body is composed of more than six hundred muscles
• Tendons


  Tough, cordlike tissues that connect muscles to the bones
• Skeletal system


  The bones in the human body
• Bones


  Rigid organs that constitute part of the framework or skeleton of the human body
• Joints


  Two or more bones formed to allow movement
• Ligaments


  Bands of tough elastic tissues around the joints
• Cartilages


  Flexible connective tissue that prevents friction on bones
• The musculoskeletal system provides the human body with movement, stability, shape, and support
• Integumentary system


  The largest body organ system that forms the external covering of the body
• Skin


  • An extensive receptor and protective outer covering of the human body
• Hair


  • A protein filament which grows everywhere on most parts of the external body
• Nails


  • Made of keratin and grow out of deep folds in the skin of the fingers and toes
• Types of Glands

  • Sudoriferous glands (secrete sweat)
  • Sebaceous glands (produce sebum)
  • Ceruminous glands (secrete ear wax)
  • Mammary glands (produce milk)
• Glands


  Release water, salt, or oil under the skin
• Digestive system


  A body system that is responsible in breaking down food
• Ingestion


  The process of taking food into the body
• Excretion


  The process of excreting fluids
• Digestion


  The process of chemically and mechanically breaking down food
• Absorption


  The process of absorbing digested substances
• Defecation


  The process of getting rid of solid waste
• Gastrointestinal tract


  A series of hollow organs connected from each other
• Mouth


  1. This is where digestion starts, using the teeth and the salivary glands that produce saliva

  2. The process food chewed is called bolus
• Pharynx


  Commonly called the throat, connects the mouth to the esophagus
• Esophagus


  1. A muscular tube located in the throat, that receives food from the mouth

  2. A series of contractions is called peristalsis that delivers food
• Stomach


  • A saclike, muscular organ located on the left side of the upper abdomen
  • It has food, juices, saliva, and bolus mixed up called chyme
• Small Intestine


  A 22-foot long muscular tube that breaks down food using enzymes, it is divided into three regions: duodenum, jejenum, and ileum
• Large Intestine


  Also known as colon, is a 6-foot long muscular tube that connects the small intestine to the rectum
• Rectum


  A straight, 8-inch chamber that connects the large intestine to the anus
• Anus


  Consist of pelvic floor muscles and two anal sphincters, that detect rectal contents
• Salivary Glands


  Are glands that produce saliva
• Pancreas


  Secrete pancreatic juices
• Liver


  Body's chemical factory, secrets bile
• Gallbladder


  Pear-shaped sac storing bile
• Respiratory system


  A human body system that carries out respiration
• Respiratory tract


  A continuous system of passages through which air flows
• Nose


  Air is inhaled through the nostrils, which are openings to nasal cavities
• Pharynx


  A muscular, funnel-shaped passageway about 4.5 inches long located in the middle of neck
• Larynx


  A hollow tube that connects the pharynx to the rest of the respiratory or pulmonary system