Week 4 - 5

• Population


  The entire pool from which a statistical sample is drawn from a different group of individuals
• Demographic Transition


  The shift in the history of birth and death rates in society because of the absence of science and technology advancements
• Population Density


  The measurement of the given population over volume respondents
• Mortality Rate


  The number of deaths in a given population over some time
• Sex Ratio


  The ratio of males to females in a population
• Fecundity


  The potential for the reproduction of a listed population as opposed to a single organism
• Demography


  The statistical features of the human population
• Migration


  The movement of people of different sectors from one country to another with the intention of the new location, new work or employer, or for greener pasture
• Morbidity


  The occurrence of disease and illness in a population
• Biodiversity


  The variety of animals, plants, fungi, and even microorganisms like bacteria that make up our natural world
• Taxonomy


  The practice and science of categorization or classification
• Human Population refers to the number of people living in a particular area
• Demographers expect the human population to reach 8 billion in 2023, 9 billion in 2037, and 10 billion in 2056
• Crude rate


  The total number of events, or count, divided by the mid-year total population of the selected geography and multiplied by a constant, which is a multiple of 10
• Population


  A group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area
• Population


  • Rely on the same resources
  • Similar environmental constraint
  • Availability of other members to persist over time
• Demographic Parameters


  A tool for objectively studying populations
• Demography


  The study of the characteristics of population, providing a mathematical description of how characteristics change over time
• Important demographic parameters


  • population size
  • density
  • age structure
  • fecundity (birth rates)
  • mortality (death rates)
  • sex ratio
• Population Growth


  The rise in number of people on Earth
• The majority of human history saw a relatively steady population size, but the expansion of innovation and industrialization has led to a swift population expansion
• To support the world's population, it is necessary to adapt and minimize climate and environmental changes, and drive technological and societal innovation
• Biodiversity


  The vast variety of life on Earth, including plants, microorganisms, animals, and people
• Around 8.7 million species of plants and animals are thought to exist, but only about 1.2 million species have been recognized and described so far, most of which are insects
• Species


  Different species of organism are those that can no longer procreate with one another due to their divergent evolutionary paths
• Hotspots


  Home to endemic species, which can only be found in one single place
• Human benefit greatly from many species, especially in the areas of food, clothing, and medicine
• Due to human consumption and other activities, a large portion of the Earth's biodiversity is under danger, and the rate of extinction of species has increased at an unprecedented rate
• Scientist predict that during the next century, some half of the species will become extinct
• Taxonomy


  The branch of biology that classifies all living things

  
• Carolus Linnaeus


  A Swedish botanist who developed taxonomy and the taxonomic hierarchy during the 18th century, which is still used today
• Binomial nomenclature


  Giving each type of organism a genus and species name
• Taxonomic hierarchy


  • domain
  • kingdom
  • phylum
  • class
  • order
  • family
  • genus
  • species

  
• Taxon


  A group of organisms that are classified as a unit, which can be specific or general
• Biological Community


  All the living components in an ecosystem
• Biota


  All flora and fauna, or plant and animal life, in a particular region
• Predation


  A biological interaction where one organism captures and kills other organisms, its prey
• Symbiotic Relationship


  Any close and long-term biological interaction between two different organisms
• Mutualism


  A biological and ecological interaction where both organisms benefit from each other
• Parasitism


  A symbiotic relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm