enculturation

• Enculturation


  • Cultural knowledge is passed on to the next bearer who will perpetuate and ensure the continuance of their tradition and practices
  • Diffusion of one's culture to another through diverse means
• Socialization


  Prospective culture bearers learn their culture's body knowledge and skills through training, exposure, and experience
• Norms


  • Culturally determined rules that guide people regarding what is right, wrong, proper, or improper
  • Fundamental to the establishment of social order in any society
• Norms did not exist out of thin air
• • People are subjected to norms when they become part of society
  • They are also subjected to the sanctions and rewards of society's norms
• Values


  • Standards people use to determine desirable outcomes and goals
  • Filipino are noted for their excellent handling of human relations because they significantly value personhood and human goodness
• Two Most Important Values that Filipino Posses

  • Value of Industry
  • Utang na Loob
• Value of Industry


  Filipino takes pride in their work because they toiled hard for it, regardless whether in some instances, they fail along the way
• Utang na Loob


  Filipino is known for having an "Utang na Loob". It show through good will and thoughfulness and being mindful and helpful to someone during trying times
• Status


  • Any position that an individual can occupy in society
  • Not a ranked position, but simply a label that implies certain roles that must be performed
• Every person can hold simultaneously hold various statuses at any point in time
• Two Types of Status

  • Ascribed Status
  • Achieved Status
• Ascribed Status


  • Given at birth or assigned later in life
  • Examples: age, sex, ethnicity, and membership in a family, among others
• Achieved Status


  • Acquired willfully and conciously through effort, talent, decisions, and accomplishment
  • Examples: Someone's girlfriend or boyfriend, being the top student in one's class, and being black belter in karate
• Conformity


  An action that a majority favors or that is socially acceptable
• Deviance


  An action that is not socially acceptable or that a majority does not favor
• Three ways deviance is rooted in society and very evident

  • People become deviant as other define them that way
  • Exist only in relation to cultural norms
  • Both norms and the way events are defined are related to patterns of social power