Bonding

• Ions have a complete outer shell of electrons
• Ionic bonding involves a transfer of electrons from metal atoms to non-metal atoms
• In ionic bonding, a metal atom loses electrons and becomes positively charged
• In ionic bonding, the non-metal gains electrons to become negatively charged ions
• The ionic bond is a strong electrostatic force of attraction between the positive metal and negative non-metal
• Ionic compounds are giant structures of ions
• Properties of an ionic compound

  • Have high melting point
  • high Boiling point
  • conduct electricity WHEN molten Or In solution
• Ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten because the charged ions are free to move about
• Metallic bonding occurs in metallic elements and alloys
• Metals have a giant structure where electrons in the outer shell are delocalised
• A metallic bond is the attraction between the positive ions and the delocalised negatively charged electrons
• Properties of metals and metallic bonds

  • Bonds are very strong
  • Most have high melting and boiling points
  • delocalised electrons
  • electrical and thermal conductors
• Covalent bonding is a shared pair of electrons between atoms
• covalent bonds occur in

  • non- metallic elements
  • compounds on non-metals
• Covalent bonds are very strong
• atoms in giant covalent structures are linked together by strong covalent bonds
• Giant covalent structures are solids with very high melting and boiling points