land reforms

• • Peasants allowed to purchase their land, reforming the commune system.
  • Compulsory communal land tenure abolished.
  • Redemption payments canceled.
  • Peasant migration to the east supported financially to ease land pressure.
  • Credit facilities established for purchasing parts of nobles' estates.
  • Aimed to cultivate a more enterprising peasant class (kulaks) for stability.
  • Stolypin estimated 20 years needed for reforms to take full effect.
• effects by 1914

  • Only about 10% of households in European Russia lived on separate farms from the commune.
  • The communal mir institutions remained strong.
  • Widespread use of the strip system of farming persisted.
  • Those who left the commune, termed "Stolypin separators," were viewed as betraying peasant tradition.
  • Stolypin's assassination in 1911 halted momentum on his agricultural policies.