Chapter 4+6

• Status


  Provides the guidelines for how we are to act and feel
• Status Set


  A person is simultaneously a wife, mom, daughter, employee and friend. All together, these make up their...
• Intimate distance


  18" or less distance used within our intimate relationships
• personal distance


  A distance of 2-4 ft. that is used with people whom we know
• Status symbol


  Items used to display or identify an individual's status
• microsociology


  focuses on studying social interaction
• Props


  In dramaturgy, wearing a letterman's jacket and class ring would be classified as...
• Achieved status


  A status that one earns through their own direct efforts
• Ascribed status


  A status that is assigned typically at birth and is out of our control
• Status inconsistency


  Mismatch between statuses
• Background assumptions


  In ethnomethodology, the ideas that we take for granted that underlie our behavior and which we violate at our risk
• Role Conflict


  Occurs when we find it difficult to meet the roles of two statuses
• Role Strain


  Occurs when we find it difficult to meet the roles of one status
• Sign Vehicles


  When we communicate information about ourselves, we use the social setting, our appearance, and manners to make impressions on others. What are these called by Erving Goffman?
• Stereotypes


  When you 1st meet someone, the assumptions you have about certain social characteristics have a tendency to shape your first impressions of that person, which can result in the impressions becoming self-fulfilling.
• Studied Non-observation


  Technique where all parties involved in an embarrassing situation ignore it and continue their conversation or interaction as though the embarrassing situation never happened.
• Clumpy Oatmeal


  Kleinfeld criticized Milgram's small group phenomenon saying that we actually live in a world that is more like (clusters of cliques within the social network loosely connected with one another)...
• Social Structure


  typical patterns of a group such as its usual relationships between men and women or students and teachers
• Group


  People who regularly interact with one another and share similar values, norms, and expectations
• Touch


  Patients awaiting surgery react differently to ___ on the basis of their sex; men = upset; women = relax
• Role


  Rights and obligations expected of someone in a status
• Sex


  Hunting and gathering societies, although the most egalitarian, resulted in social inequality on the basis of...
• Primary


  Type of informal group characterized by intimate, long-term, face-to-face association and cooperation
• Secondary


  Type of group characterized by impersonal, more formal relationships, based around a task/activity, and typically temporary in nature
• Aggregate


  People who temporarily share the same physical space but do not see themselves as a group
• Information


  Post-Industrial societies have a work force centered around the transmission and use of ____
• Double standard


  Loyalty to our in-groups leads us to often judge our own traits as virtues, but to see the same traits as vices in out-groups
• Horticultural


  1st type of society to develop permanent settlements
• Size


  As groups grow in ___, their structure and function becomes more formal
• Democratic


  Leader that helps its members to gain consensus by outlining steps and suggesting alternatives
• Laissez-Faire


  Highly permissive leader who provides little guidance to its members
• Authoritarian


  A leader who gives orders/commands to its members leading to aggressive or apathetic behavior
• Diffusion of Responsibility


  Results in a decrease in one's willingness to help others as the size of the group increases
• Dyad


  Most unstable group size
• Instrumental


  Type of leader whose responsibility is to keep the group moving toward its goal
• Expressive


  Typically not viewed as a leader, but helps the group complete its task by lifting the morale of its members
• Group Conformity


  Solomon Asch demonstrated that most people are willing to say things they know are not true
• Obedience to Authority


  Because of _____,Milgram was able to demonstrate that a substantial number of people will inflict pain on others when told to do so
• Six Degrees of Separation


  Known as "the small world phenomenon"
• Category


  Not considered a group by sociologists; a way of categorizing people